Technology
ASICs
Application-Specific Integrated Circuits custom-designed for dedicated tasks like crypto mining, AI inference, and networking.
199 companies
Explainer
ASICs explained
An ASIC, or application-specific integrated circuit, is a chip designed to do one job or a narrow set of jobs. Its circuits are fixed when the chip is made. A CPU can run any program; an ASIC does what it was designed for and nothing else.
Designing an ASIC means writing the logic in a hardware description language, verifying it, and then paying a foundry to manufacture it. The first run has a large one-time cost, called non-recurring engineering (NRE), which is paid back only if enough chips are sold or deployed.
How it differs from the usual approach
A CPU or GPU spends silicon and energy on flexibility. An ASIC removes what the job does not need, so it can be much faster or more energy efficient at that job. The trade is cost and risk. The design cannot be changed after manufacture, and if the target algorithm changes, the chip loses value. An FPGA sits in between, since it can be reprogrammed but is less efficient.
Where it is used
- Bitcoin mining machines, which compute one hash function.
- AI accelerators designed by cloud providers for their own workloads.
- Network switches and base station chips.
- Video encoding and decoding in phones and data centers.
- Automotive, medical and consumer devices produced in large volumes.
What to watch
- Cloud providers work with design partners such as Broadcom and Marvell to build custom AI ASICs.
- Rising manufacturing and design costs at advanced process nodes favour large buyers who can spread the cost over many chips.
- AI models change quickly, which is the main risk for fixed-function AI chips.
- Chiplet-based designs lower the cost of making new ASICs by reusing proven dies.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between an ASIC and an FPGA?
An ASIC has fixed circuits set at manufacture and is the most efficient at its task. An FPGA can be reprogrammed after it is made, which gives flexibility at a cost in speed, power and unit price.
Why are ASICs expensive to start?
Design, verification and the masks used in manufacturing carry a large one-time cost. That cost only makes sense if the chip is produced in volume or has a clear performance benefit.
Are AI chips ASICs?
Many are, in a broad sense. Google's TPU and Amazon's Trainium are custom chips for AI. GPUs are more general and are not usually called ASICs.
- Mercury Systems Mercury Systems makes processing subsystems, modules and components for aerospace and defense customers. Its products support mission computing, sensor and radar processing, electronic warfare, and communications, and are built on open system architectures. It sells mainly to defense prime contractors, the U.S. government and commercial aerospace manufacturers. In 2025 it won a contract to build a data processing and storage subsystem for a U.S. Department of Defense satellite program. The company is headquartered in Andover, Massachusetts. FPGAs · ASICs —
- Movandi Movandi designs radio chips and antenna modules for millimeter-wave wireless, the very high frequency bands used by some 5G networks and satellite links. These signals carry a lot of data but are easily blocked, so Movandi sells BeamXR smart repeaters that extend coverage indoors and outdoors, along with RF front ends and phased-array antennas that steer beams electronically. Its BeamX software controls those beams. The company is headquartered in Irvine, California, was founded in 2016 by siblings Maryam and Reza Rofougaran, and has a research site in Sydney, Australia. Its website says it was founded by former Broadcom engineers. ASICs $40M strategic (Oct 2025)
- Valens Semiconductor Valens Semiconductor makes high-speed connectivity chips for automotive and audio video markets. Its HDBaseT technology for long-reach video links became the basis of the MIPI A-PHY standard, released in 2020, and its VA7000 chips implement A-PHY for in-vehicle cameras and displays. Samsung Foundry agreed in September 2025 to fabricate its A-PHY chipsets. The company is based in Hod Hasharon, Israel, and listed on the NYSE under VLN through a special purpose acquisition company merger. ASICs —
- Peraso Technologies Peraso Inc. designs millimeter-wave semiconductors, including 60 GHz chipsets, modules and evaluation kits. Millimeter-wave radio uses very high frequencies that carry large amounts of data over short distances. Uses include fixed wireless access, tactical communications, wireless video and transportation. The operating business began as Peraso Technologies, a Canadian company that dates to 2008. The listed parent, Peraso Inc., is a Delaware corporation traded on Nasdaq as PRSO and headquartered in San Jose, California, following a reverse merger with memory chip maker MoSys in December 2021. Its auditors have flagged going-concern doubt in earlier filings. ASICs $42M
- Akeana Akeana is a RISC-V processor IP company. RISC-V is an open instruction set, and Akeana licenses processor core designs that other firms build into their own chips. It came out of stealth in August 2024 with three core families, from 32-bit designs to high-performance 64-bit cores, along with supporting blocks such as a cache and an AI matrix engine. The company was founded in 2021 by a team with server chip design experience and is based in San Jose, California. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V $100M+ initial funding ($107M total; Kleiner Perkins, Mayfield, Fidelity)
- eMemory Technology eMemory Technology is a Taiwanese company that licenses embedded non-volatile memory IP. This is memory built into a processor or controller chip that keeps its contents when power is removed, and it is used to hold settings, keys and code. The company supplies the design to foundries and chip makers instead of making chips itself, and it also offers security features built on that memory. It is based in Hsinchu, Taiwan, according to the company record, though this could not be confirmed against the company website. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- TETDK Electronics This record is best read as the TDK group instead of one company. TDK Corporation, headquartered in Tokyo and founded in 1935 to make ferrite magnetic material, makes passive components, sensors and magnetic products. TDK Electronics AG, formerly EPCOS and based in Munich, is a separate German subsidiary that makes capacitors, inductors, filters and ferrites. The group acquired the sensor maker InvenSense in 2017. These are components used inside computers and phones rather than compute processors. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- DeepSim DeepSim makes an AI-driven physics simulation platform for engineers. Simulation software predicts effects such as heat flow in a chip or product before it is built, and traditional finite element tools can be slow and need careful setup. DeepSim says its GPU-accelerated approach automates setup and runs much faster across scales from nanometers to whole devices. Its website lists a Mountain View, California address and shows Y Combinator, Lux Capital and DARPA among its partners and collaborators. ASICs —
- NENexperia Nexperia makes high-volume discrete semiconductors, including diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, ESD protection devices and logic chips. These are simple, single-purpose parts used throughout cars, industrial equipment and consumer electronics, rather than processors. It was formed in 2017 from the standard products unit of NXP Semiconductors, whose roots lie in Philips, and is based in Nijmegen in the Netherlands. Its owner is Wingtech Technology of China. In October 2025 the Dutch government used emergency powers to take control of its governance, and suspended that order in November 2025. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Elmos Semiconductor Elmos Semiconductor is a German chip company headquartered in Dortmund that designs integrated circuits mainly for cars. Its products include chips for sensors, motor control and lighting, and mixed-signal ASICs, which are custom chips combining analog and digital circuits for a specific customer. The company has moved to a fabless model, meaning it relies on outside foundries for manufacturing. Its focus is vehicle electronics, so it is an automotive chip supplier and not a developer of general purpose or AI processors. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- SiEngine Technology SiEngine designs automotive chips, including system-on-chip processors for in-car infotainment displays and for advanced driver assistance, known as ADAS. An SoC puts the processor cores, graphics and AI accelerator on one piece of silicon, which lets a car run several functions from a single chip. The company is a joint venture involving Geely and Arm China, and it is based in Wuhan, China. Its products are aimed at carmakers that want to specify chips for their own vehicle platforms. AI Accelerators · ASICs —
- DEdeepsilicon Deepsilicon set out to build software and hardware for ternary transformer models, neural networks whose weights take only the values minus one, zero or one. Such weights fit in two bits instead of sixteen, which the founders estimate gives close to eight times compression, and multiplications reduce to additions and subtractions. The company argues that current chips are not designed for such low precision. It joined the Y Combinator Summer 2024 batch, was founded in 2024 in San Francisco with a team of two, and Y Combinator lists its status as inactive. No shipped chip was found. AI Accelerators · ASICs YC S24
- PQSecure Technologies PQSecure Technologies builds post-quantum cryptography, meaning encryption designed to withstand attacks from future quantum computers. Its products include a hardware block with side-channel protections, validated C libraries and memory-safe Rust implementations, plus post-quantum secure boot. The company lists NIST CAVP validations, which are official algorithm tests, for ML-KEM, ML-DSA and SLH-DSA, the new federal standards. Its website gives its address in Boca Raton, Florida, and credits DARPA's Embedded Entrepreneurship Initiative with advancing its hardware work. ASICs —
- CCCondor Computing Condor Computing is a RISC-V processor company, meaning it designs CPU cores on the open RISC-V instruction set that others license into their own chips. It is not a chip seller. Its site could not be loaded during research, so its products, parent company and customers are unconfirmed, and the defense and aerospace focus in the earlier description is unverified. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- RARafael Advanced Defense Rafael Advanced Defense Systems is an Israeli state-owned defense company that makes missiles, air defense, active armor, electronic warfare and naval systems. Its best known product is the Iron Dome interceptor system. It is not a chip company, and electronics are embedded in its weapons and sensors. It traces its origin to the Science Corps of 1948 and is headquartered at Kiryat Bialik near Haifa. ASICs · DSPs $2.8B revenue
- Phison Electronics Phison Electronics designs controllers for NAND flash memory, along with firmware and storage products built around them. Its controllers are used in USB flash drives, memory cards and solid-state drives, and the company says it is the largest independent NAND controller supplier. Because it is fabless and independent of any flash maker, drive vendors can pair its controllers with NAND from several suppliers. Phison was founded in 2000 by K.S. Pua and others, and is headquartered in Miaoli, Taiwan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- LILittelfuse Littelfuse is best known for circuit protection, chiefly fuses that cut power when current becomes unsafe. It also sells switches, sensors, power semiconductors and, through its Zilog subsidiary, microcontrollers. Its products are supporting components in automotive, industrial and electronics equipment rather than compute processors. Edward V. Sundt founded it in 1927, and it is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company is listed on Nasdaq and has expanded through acquisitions including Hamlin in 2013 and IXYS in 2017. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Teledyne Defense Electronics Teledyne Defense Electronics is part of Teledyne Technologies, where defense and space electronics sit within the Aerospace and Defense Electronics segment. Its work centers on electronic systems and components for military and space customers. Teledyne Technologies was founded in 1960 by Henry Singleton and George Kozmetsky and is headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. The company's original plan was to grow by acquiring existing companies. ASICs · DSPs —
- RoboSense RoboSense makes lidar, a sensor that measures distance with laser pulses to build a 3D map, for driver assistance, vehicle automation and robotics. It began with 3D laser scanners in 2015 and moved to automotive lidar in 2016. Unlike camera-only systems, lidar measures depth directly. The company was founded in Shenzhen in 2014 and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under the code 2498 on 5 January 2024. ASICs · AI Accelerators IPO on HKEX (January 2024)
- Xsight Labs Xsight Labs is a fabless chip company that designs programmable network silicon for data centers. Its X2 is a 12.8 Tbps Ethernet switch whose data plane can be reprogrammed after deployment, and its E1 is an 800G data processing unit, a chip that offloads networking work from the main server processor. The company was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Kiryat Gat, Israel, with other offices in Israel, Armenia and the United States. Some press coverage places it in Tel Aviv instead. ASICs · AI Accelerators · Interconnect & Networking —
- ONonsemi onsemi, formerly ON Semiconductor, supplies power and sensing semiconductors for automotive, industrial, energy and cloud infrastructure systems. Its EliteSiC line of silicon carbide devices sits alongside image sensors and analog products. In compute, its power devices help deliver and convert electricity inside data centers and electric vehicles rather than performing the processing itself. The company traces its origin to a 1999 spin-off from Motorola's semiconductor business and has its headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- OUOuster Ouster designs and sells digital LiDAR sensors that produce three-dimensional point clouds for robotics, industrial automation, smart infrastructure and automotive uses. Its sensors feed perception software and onboard compute systems that interpret the surrounding environment. In February 2023 it completed an all-stock merger of equals with Velodyne Lidar, and the combined company kept the Ouster name. Ouster is headquartered in San Francisco and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker OUST. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- QOQorvo Qorvo designs radio-frequency (RF) semiconductors, including amplifiers, filters and switches that let phones and other wireless devices send and receive signals. It also makes connectivity, gallium nitride RF and silicon carbide power products for markets such as defense, automotive and industrial equipment. Qorvo was created on 1 January 2015 through the merger of TriQuint Semiconductor and RF Micro Devices and is based in Greensboro, North Carolina. In October 2025 it agreed to combine with Skyworks Solutions in a cash and stock deal. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Rambus Rambus develops memory interface technology, the circuits and protocols that move data between processors and memory. It licenses designs such as memory controllers and PHYs, the physical layer circuits that drive the signal wires, and it also sells memory interface chips for server modules. Its early RDRAM memory was used in the Nintendo 64 console. Rambus was founded in March 1990 by Mike Farmwald and Mark Horowitz and is headquartered in San Jose, California. It also offers security IP that protects chips from tampering. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- Cadence Design Systems Cadence Design Systems sells electronic design automation software, hardware emulation systems and design IP used to create integrated circuits, systems on chip and printed circuit boards. Nearly every major chip designer and foundry ecosystem relies on this class of tooling, which makes Cadence a core supplier to the compute supply chain. The company was formed in 1988 from the merger of SDA Systems and ECAD and is headquartered in San Jose, California. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- CACAES CAES makes radio frequency electronics for defense and space, and it is now owned by Honeywell. Radio frequency parts handle the radar and communications signals that military platforms send and receive. Its technology is used on programs such as the F-35, the EA-18G and the AMRAAM missile. Honeywell completed its purchase of CAES from the private equity firm Advent International in September 2024 for about 1.9 billion dollars in cash. At the time, CAES had about 2,200 employees. ASICs · FPGAs —
- MaxLinear MaxLinear designs integrated circuits and software for broadband access, Wi-Fi, wired and wireless infrastructure, and industrial applications. Its products include fiber and cable access chips, Wi-Fi connectivity, 5G infrastructure parts and optical interconnect components for data centers. The company began in 2003 with a TV tuner chip built on standard CMOS process technology. It is fabless, headquartered in Carlsbad, California, and trades on Nasdaq under MXL. ASICs —
- Nuvoton Technology Nuvoton Technology designs microcontrollers, including Arm Cortex-M and 8051 families, along with mixed-signal, audio and baseboard management controller chips used in servers and embedded products. It was split off from Winbond Electronics in 2008, with Winbond keeping the memory business, and listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in September 2010. Nuvoton is a fabless-style supplier of control silicon that sits beside the main processors in computing systems. The company is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- KCKnowles Corporation Knowles Corporation, based in Itasca, Illinois, makes precision components for hearing, medical, industrial and consumer devices. Its range includes balanced armature speakers, which are tiny electromagnetic drivers used in hearing aids and earbuds, along with specialty microphones, capacitors and RF filters. Unlike chipmakers that sell general processors, it focuses on small acoustic and passive parts. It sold its consumer MEMS microphone business to Syntiant, a deal that closed on 30 December 2024, and kept its other product lines. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Secure-IC Secure-IC provides embedded security for chips and connected devices. Its Securyzr platform includes silicon security blocks such as physical unclonable functions, which derive a unique key from tiny manufacturing differences in each chip, and anti-tamper and cryptography cores. It also sells Laboryzr tools that test devices against side-channel attacks, which read secrets from power use or timing, and against fault injection. The company's website now states that Secure-IC is part of Cadence Design Systems, following an acquisition announced by Cadence. ASICs · Edge Computing —
- Mobileye Mobileye develops vision-based driver assistance and autonomous driving technology, built around its EyeQ system-on-chip processors and supporting software. These chips are embedded in vehicles from many automakers to run perception and driving functions at the edge. The company was founded in 1999 in Jerusalem by Amnon Shashua. Intel acquired it in 2017 and returned it to the public market on Nasdaq in October 2022 as MBLY, while remaining its majority shareholder. AI Accelerators · ASICs —
- BSBlueberry Semiconductors VLSI, ASIC, and SoC solutions. AI, 5G, and industrial IoT expertise. Indian semiconductor design services. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- MOMomenta Momenta develops autonomous driving software, offering driver assistance for mass-produced cars and robotaxi and robovan systems. Its approach relies on a data flywheel, where fleet driving data is used to keep training its models. Its main product is software rather than silicon. Its website lists offices in Suzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Stuttgart and Abu Dhabi. The company describes itself as a physical AI company. AI Accelerators · ASICs ~$6B valuation raise (Sept 2025) + Grab investment (Dec 2025)
- SUSunway Sunway is a family of Chinese processors, not a standalone company, used in supercomputers built by the National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology and run at the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi. The SW26010 chip has 256 small compute cores plus four management cores, a many-core design that favours raw parallel throughput over single-thread speed. It powers the Sunway TaihuLight system, which uses 40,960 of them. The processors were developed by the Jiangnan Computing Lab in Wuxi, mainly for Chinese government and military use. Custom Silicon · ASICs · HPC & AI Systems —
- LeddarTech LeddarTech describes itself as an automotive ADAS and AD software company, offering raw data fusion and perception products. Raw data fusion means combining unprocessed signals from cameras, radar and lidar before objects are identified, instead of merging each sensor's own conclusions. Its main product is LeddarVision, which is described as sensor-agnostic, and it also offers the LeddarSim simulation platform. The company is based in Quebec City, Canada. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- DSDreamBig Semiconductor DreamBig Semiconductor designs chiplets and networking chips for AI data centres. A chiplet is a small piece of silicon combined with others inside one package. Its Mercury AI SuperNIC is a network adapter with RDMA, a method that lets servers move data between memory without involving the main processor. DreamBig was founded in 2019 by Sohail Syed, formerly of Marvell, and is based in San Jose, California. Arm said in a regulatory filing that it agreed in October 2025 to acquire the company for about $265 million in cash. ASICs $265M acquisition (Arm, announced Oct 2025, closing late Q1 FY27)
- Cycuity Cycuity makes Radix, software that checks chip designs for hardware security flaws by tracing how sensitive data moves through the design before it is built into silicon. It combines static analysis of the design with dynamic verification during simulation. Arteris, a maker of on-chip network IP, announced the acquisition in December 2025 and its site reports completion in January 2026, so Cycuity now operates as an Arteris brand. It is a design tool vendor, not a chip maker. ASICs —
- MEMelexis Melexis is a Belgian company that designs sensor and driver chips, mainly for cars. Its parts include magnetic position sensors, which detect movement without touching, and chips that drive motors and lighting. It is a fabless designer, meaning other firms make its silicon. Its products are embedded systems components rather than computing processors. The company is headquartered in Ieper, Belgium, and its shares are listed on Euronext Brussels. Founding year and wafer sourcing details were not confirmed against a primary source in this review. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Edge Computing —
- KAKandou Kandou makes chip-to-chip links that move data faster over copper. Its Chord signaling sends data across groups of correlated wires, using n plus 1 wires to carry n bits, instead of one pair per signal, which the company says gives more bandwidth for less power than standard SerDes, the circuits that convert data between parallel and serial form. Kandou began as a spin-off from EPFL, the Swiss technical university, founded by Amin Shokrollahi, and is based near Lausanne, Switzerland. ASICs · Interconnect & Networking $225M Series A (March 2026)
- CACanaan Canaan designs and sells ASIC mining machines for bitcoin under the Avalon brand. An ASIC is a chip built for one task, in this case the hashing calculation that bitcoin mining requires, which makes it more efficient than a general-purpose processor. The company also built chips for AI workloads in the past. It was founded in 2013 in China by Zhang Nangeng, moved its headquarters to Singapore in 2022 and has traded on the Nasdaq under the ticker CAN since a November 2019 initial public offering. ASICs —
- pSemi pSemi designs RF integrated circuits built on CMOS and silicon-on-insulator processes, including switches, tunable parts and front-end modules for mobile phones, wireless infrastructure, and aerospace and defense. Silicon-on-insulator layers a thin film of silicon on an insulator, which reduces signal loss at radio frequencies. The company was founded in 1990 as Peregrine Semiconductor, and was renamed pSemi in 2018. Murata completed its acquisition in December 2014, and pSemi is headquartered in San Diego, California. Its UltraCMOS name covers its main process technology. ASICs —
- Actions Semiconductor Actions Semiconductor was a fabless chip designer, meaning it designed chips and left manufacturing to foundries, based in Zhuhai, China. Its original business was system-on-chip designs for tablets, media players and set-top boxes, and it was listed on Nasdaq until a merger with Starman Limited completed in December 2016. The audio chip business described today, covering Bluetooth audio, smart wearables and edge AI processors, is run by Actions Technology Co., Ltd., also headquartered in Zhuhai and listed on Shanghai's STAR market. This record may mix the two entities. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Thales Group Thales is a French group that supplies electronics and systems for aerospace, defense and security. Its range includes avionics, radar and surveillance systems, military communications, cybersecurity and software. It is not a chip company, so its link to compute is mainly through the mission computers and processing systems built into its products. Its roots go back to Compagnie Francaise Thomson-Houston in 1893, and it took the Thales name in December 2000. The group is headquartered in Paris, and the French state held 26.6 percent of its ordinary shares in June 2025. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- Silicon Motion Silicon Motion designs NAND flash controllers for SSDs and other solid state storage devices. Its chips sit between NAND memory and the host system, handling data management and error correction for client, enterprise and embedded storage. Customers include NAND flash makers, module makers, hyperscalers and device manufacturers. The company is fabless, was founded in 1995, is based in Hsinchu County, Taiwan, and its American depositary shares trade on Nasdaq under SIMO. ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- Uhnder Uhnder makes a digital imaging radar on a chip for automotive and other sensing uses. Most automotive radar sends frequency-swept signals, while Uhnder uses digital code modulation, in which each radar transmits a coded digital signal and the chip decodes the returns in software, which it says helps reduce interference between radars. Its site calls the device a software-defined radar. The company is headquartered in Austin, Texas, and its cofounder Manju Hegde is chief executive. Its site lists a Series D round in February 2024. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- Murata Manufacturing Murata Manufacturing makes electronic components rather than complete chips, mainly ceramic capacitors that store and smooth electrical charge on circuit boards. Its range also covers inductors, radio-frequency filters, wireless modules including Bluetooth, sensors and power supplies, which go into phones, cars and computing equipment. Akira Murata started the business in Kyoto in October 1944, and it became Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in December 1950. The company is headquartered in Nagaokakyo, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Dover Microsystems Dover Microsystems licensed CoreGuard, a hardware security design that sits beside a processor and checks each instruction against security rules, so that memory errors and many software attacks are blocked as they happen rather than found later. It targets embedded and connected devices, including RISC-V cores. Dover was spun out of Draper in 2017, with Draper keeping a minority stake, and CoreGuard was announced that October. Qualcomm Ventures was among its early investors. Its current trading status could not be confirmed. ASICs · Edge Computing —
- TATaalas Taalas, based in Toronto, builds chips with a specific AI model fixed into the silicon, which it calls hardcore models. Its first product, HC1, runs Meta's Llama 3.1 8B and cannot run other base models. The company says it merges storage and compute on one die, so the model weights need not be fetched from separate high-bandwidth memory. Taalas was founded in 2023 by Ljubisa Bajic, a Tenstorrent co-founder, together with Lejla Bajic and Drago Ignjatovic. Its speed and efficiency figures are company claims. AI Accelerators · ASICs $169M (Feb 2026); $219M+ total
- IAIsrael Aerospace Industries Israel Aerospace Industries is a state-owned Israeli company that builds aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, missiles and missile defense systems, satellites and radar. It also overhauls aircraft and converts passenger planes to freighters. It is an aerospace systems maker rather than a computing specialist, so mission computers and processing electronics appear as parts of its larger products. It was founded in 1953 as Bedek Aviation Company to maintain Israeli air force aircraft, and it is headquartered in Lod, Israel. ASICs · DSPs —
- Empower Semiconductor Empower Semiconductor develops integrated voltage regulators, which are compact power converters that sit close to a processor, and silicon capacitors that store charge on a chip. Placing power conversion near the processor shortens the electrical path, which can improve efficiency for AI chips that draw heavy current. Silicon capacitors are in production, while the regulator programs are being developed with hyperscalers and AI chip makers. Analog Devices announced an agreement in May 2026 to acquire Empower for $1.5 billion in cash. The company is based in San Jose, California. ASICs · AI Accelerators $140M+ Series D (Sep 2025)
- Power Integrations Power Integrations designs high-voltage integrated circuits for power conversion, the step that turns mains electricity into the lower, steady voltages electronic devices need. Its range includes gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, a material that switches faster and wastes less heat than silicon, along with converter ICs and IGBT gate drivers, which control large power switches. It does not build processors itself, but its parts supply power to computing and consumer equipment. The company was founded in 1988 and is based in San Jose, California. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Silergy Silergy designs power management integrated circuits, the chips that regulate and convert voltage inside electronic devices. It was founded in February 2008 by Silicon Valley veterans Chen Wei, You Budong and Michael Grimm, starting in Santa Clara and later setting up in Hangzhou, China. The company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and has been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under ticker 6415 since its IPO in December 2013. It supplies supporting power silicon rather than processors. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- IIIntrinsic ID Intrinsic ID supplied security technology based on physical unclonable functions, or PUFs, which use the tiny manufacturing differences in each silicon chip to create a unique identifier and cryptographic keys that cannot easily be copied. It is chip security IP rather than a processor maker. The Intrinsic ID website now redirects to the Synopsys PUF IP page, where the products QuiddiKey and Zign appear under the Synopsys PUF name, consistent with the Synopsys acquisition recorded here. Eindhoven in the Netherlands is listed as its base. ASICs —
- Duality Technologies Duality Technologies provides software for analyzing sensitive data without exposing it. Its platform combines fully homomorphic encryption, which allows calculations directly on encrypted data, with federated learning and confidential computing, and it serves sectors such as finance, healthcare and government. The company's site describes a software platform and does not describe a chip or accelerator product of its own. It names DARPA, Intel, Oracle, IBM and the World Economic Forum among organizations that partner with it. AI Accelerators · ASICs —
- Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductors This record covers the semiconductor and device business of Mitsubishi Electric, a large Japanese industrial group, rather than a separate company. It makes power modules, including silicon carbide and IGBT types that switch high currents in trains, vehicles and factories, plus optical communication devices, laser diodes and high-frequency chips. These are power and communications parts, not compute processors. Mitsubishi Electric was founded in Tokyo in 1921 and holds a 25.05 percent stake in Renesas Electronics according to its Wikipedia entry. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- AWS Trainium/Inferentia Trainium and Inferentia are custom AI accelerators designed by Amazon Web Services for training and inference, offered as cloud instances and supported by the AWS Neuron software stack. They come from AWS's in-house silicon effort, which grew from its 2015 acquisition of the Israeli chip designer Annapurna Labs and also produced the Nitro and Graviton chips. Trainium2 powers Project Rainier, which AWS built for Anthropic. AWS positions the chips as an alternative to merchant GPUs. AI Accelerators · ASICs · TPUs —
- Movellus Movellus sells infrastructure intellectual property for chips, meaning pre-designed circuit blocks that chip makers license and build in. Its Aeonic line covers clock generation, detection of sudden voltage drops (droop) and power delivery, which matter because large AI chips waste energy when clocks and supply voltage are not tightly managed. The company began as a University of Michigan spinout, and its founder is Mo Faisal. It lists its headquarters in Santa Clara, California, and in March 2026 announced that its clocking technology joined the Synopsys Silicon Lifecycle Management IP portfolio. ASICs · FPGAs —
- Global Unichip (GUC) Taiwanese ASIC design-service company, a TSMC affiliate, that sells die-to-die and memory interface IP. It offers UCIe/GLink-3D 2.0 for 3D stacking and taped out HBM4 PHY IP on TSMC N3P in April 2025, demonstrating a 12 Gbps HBM4 platform on 3nm with CoWoS in April 2026. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- CNCornelis Networks Cornelis Networks builds high-speed interconnects, the network fabric that links servers in supercomputers and AI clusters so they can share data with low delay. Its product line is Omni-Path, which began at Intel, and the company was spun out of Intel in September 2020. The founders are Philip Murphy, Vladimir Tamarkin and Gunnar Gunnarsson, who worked together at SilverStorm Technologies. Cornelis is based in Pennsylvania and sells Omni-Path as an alternative to InfiniBand and Ethernet fabrics. ASICs · AI Accelerators · Interconnect & Networking $131M+
- VMVentana Micro Systems Ventana Micro Systems designed high-performance RISC-V processor cores and chiplets for data centres under the Veyron name. RISC-V is an open instruction set that any company can use without licensing fees, unlike Arm designs. Chiplets are small dies combined in one package. Ventana was founded in 2018 and was based in Cupertino, California. Qualcomm announced in December 2025 that it had acquired the company, with financial terms undisclosed, to add to its own CPU and RISC-V engineering. ASICs · AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V $108M+
- Indie Semiconductor indie Semiconductor is a fabless semiconductor company focused on the automotive market. It develops mixed-signal chips and software for driver assistance sensors such as radar, LiDAR, ultrasound and computer vision, as well as in-cabin experience and electrification. Customers include automotive manufacturers and Tier 1 suppliers. It acts as a supplier of sensing and connectivity silicon in vehicle compute systems rather than a maker of central processors. The company is headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California, and has grown partly through acquisitions such as emotion3D. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- NeuReality NeuReality makes infrastructure for running AI inference in data centres, meaning serving trained models to users rather than training them. Its listed products are NEXUS, an AI SuperNIC called NR2 (a network card that moves data to accelerators) and an AI-CPU. The company's stated aim is to offload inference work from host CPUs, which can otherwise limit how well costly accelerators are used. It was co-founded by Moshe Tanach, who is chief executive, and has offices in Israel, Poland and the United States. AI Accelerators · ASICs $70M total
- Northrop Grumman Electronics Northrop Grumman is a large US defense contractor, and this record covers only its microelectronics activity, which sits in the Mission Systems segment based in Linthicum, Maryland. Mission Systems makes radar, sensors and microelectronics including semiconductor chips for military use. The wider company was formed in 1994 when Northrop acquired Grumman, with the Northrop name dating to 1939. It is headquartered in West Falls Church, Virginia, and about 87 percent of its 2024 revenue came from the US federal government. It is not a merchant chip vendor. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- HIHygon Information Technology Hygon designs x86 server processors and the DCU, a data-centre accelerator for AI and scientific computing. Its Dhyana CPUs derive from AMD's first-generation Zen design, which AMD licensed to a joint venture with Hygon in 2016, so they run standard x86 software while being sold for the Chinese market. Hygon began in October 2014 as Tianjin Haiguang Advanced Technology Investment and is now headquartered in Beijing. The US added it to the Entity List in June 2019, which restricts access to American technology. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- PSPanasonic Semiconductor Solutions This record describes a business that no longer belongs to Panasonic. Panasonic Semiconductor Solutions was sold to Nuvoton Technology of Taiwan in an all-cash deal completed in September 2020, reportedly worth $250 million. The unit made microcontrollers, image sensors, power management chips and LED drivers for automotive and industrial use. A microcontroller is a small processor that runs embedded equipment. Nuvoton is itself based in Hsinchu, Taiwan, and the Japanese business now operates under Nuvoton. The Panasonic name and 1918 founding date describe the former parent. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- HYHyperstone Hyperstone designs controllers for NAND flash memory, the chips that sit between a device and its flash storage and handle error correction, wear levelling and data integrity. It is a fabless company, meaning it designs the chips and leaves manufacturing to others, and it focuses on industrial and embedded storage rather than consumer drives. Hyperstone was founded in 1990 and is based in Konstanz, Germany. It was owned by CML Microsystems from 2003 and was acquired by the Swiss storage maker Swissbit around the turn of 2020 and 2021. ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- CECEITEC CEITEC is a Brazilian federal government-owned company set up by decree in 2008 to build up domestic chip design and manufacturing. It is based in Porto Alegre. Its first commercial product was an RFID chip, a small radio-tagged chip that identifies items without contact, embedded in ear tags for cattle. It has also made chips for vehicle data and blood bag tracking. The government began liquidating the company in 2021 and the new government suspended that process in January 2023. Its present status should be checked. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- FADU FADU is a fabless semiconductor company in Seoul that designs controllers for solid-state drives, the chips that manage flash memory, error correction and data flow inside an SSD. It targets data centers and has said its latest controller, called Sierra, supports PCIe 6.0, capacities up to 512TB and sequential speeds around 28GB/s. It has not named its hyperscaler customers, though reports in 2022 said SK Hynix drives for Meta would use FADU controllers. Sources differ on the founding year, giving 2015 or 2016, and the company is led by CEO Jihyo Lee. ASICs · Memory & Storage $1B valuation
- Fuji Electric Fuji Electric is a Japanese industrial equipment group, and its semiconductor operation is only one division. Beyond chips, it makes power systems, inverters, motors, pumps, controllers, measurement instruments and vending machines. Its semiconductor line covers power devices such as IGBTs, which are transistors that switch high currents in motor drives and power supplies. The company was founded in 1923 through a tie-up between Furukawa Electric and Siemens, and its name combines parts of both. It is listed in Tokyo and headquartered in Ōsaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Fabric Cryptography Fabric Cryptography designs a chip it calls a Verifiable Processing Unit, built to speed up the heavy maths behind zero-knowledge proofs, which let one party show a computation is correct without revealing the data, and fully homomorphic encryption, which computes on data while it stays encrypted. The design uses RISC-V cores with wide vector units and is sold as cards and servers alongside a compiler and a cloud service. Unlike a general GPU, its instruction set targets cryptographic arithmetic. The company was started by Michael Gao and Tina Ju, who are described as MIT and Stanford dropouts. ASICs · AI Accelerators $33M Series A (2024)
- VDVerific Design Automation Verific Design Automation sells parser software, the front-end components that read chip design files so other tools can analyze them. Its platforms handle SystemVerilog, VHDL and UPF, which are standard languages for describing circuits and their power intent. They are delivered as C++ source code that makers of design tools build into their own products. Unlike full design suites, Verific supplies only this reading layer. Its site lists users from small design-tool startups to large semiconductor firms, including AMD, Arm, Cadence, Nvidia, Siemens and Synopsys. ASICs · FPGAs —
- SSSteradian Semiconductors Steradian Semiconductors was a Bangalore, India company that designed radar chips for vehicles. Radar sends out radio waves and measures their reflections to detect the distance and speed of objects, and imaging radar aims to give a sharper picture than conventional automotive radar. The company's chips were aimed at driver assistance systems. The record in this directory states that Renesas acquired Steradian, so it should be read as a former independent company, but that acquisition date has not been independently confirmed here. ASICs · Edge Computing —
- BAE Systems Electronics BAE Systems makes the RAD750, a radiation-hardened single-board computer for satellites and spacecraft. Radiation hardening means the chips are built to keep working despite the particle radiation found in space. The RAD750 is based on the PowerPC 750 processor and runs at clock speeds from 110 to 200 MHz. It was released in 2001, and its first use in space was on the Deep Impact mission, launched in January 2005. BAE Systems is a British defence and aerospace group. ASICs · FPGAs —
- Bosch Semiconductors This record covers the semiconductor business of Robert Bosch GmbH, a German engineering and technology group, rather than a separate company. The business develops and makes chips for vehicles and other products, including MEMS sensors (tiny mechanical sensing structures built on silicon) and power devices. In 2023 Bosch acquired TSI Semiconductors, a California maker of silicon carbide power devices. The Bosch group was founded in Stuttgart on 15 November 1886 and is 94 percent owned by the charitable Robert Bosch Stiftung. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- MACOM Technology MACOM designs and manufactures semiconductors for data center, telecommunications, and industrial and defense uses. Its range covers high-speed optical, RF, microwave and millimeter wave products, including components for optical links in data centers and amplifiers for radar and satellite systems. The business traces its roots to Microwave Associates, founded in 1950. The current company was incorporated in Delaware in 2009, completed its IPO in 2012, is headquartered in Lowell, Massachusetts, and trades on Nasdaq under MTSI. ASICs · Analog Computing · Interconnect & Networking —
- SLSaankhya Labs Saankhya Labs is a Bengaluru company that designs semiconductors and software for wireless communication, including broadcast and 5G systems. Unlike a general processor, its chips are built around the signal processing that radios need. Tejas Networks acquired a majority stake in 2022, and Tejas is itself majority owned by Tata Sons. This places Saankhya inside a large Indian telecom and industrial group. ASICs $18M
- Montage Technology Montage Technology is a Shanghai-based fabless chip company that supplies memory interface chips for servers. Its products include DDR5 registering clock drivers, data buffers and related module parts such as SPD hubs, temperature sensors and power management ICs. These parts let server memory modules run at higher data rates and capacities, which matters for AI and data center systems. It released its fourth-generation DDR5 RCD, rated to 7200 MT/s, in January 2024. ASICs · Memory & Storage · Interconnect & Networking —
- ASAlphawave Semi Alphawave Semi designs high-speed connectivity technology for data centres and AI systems, including the serializer-deserializer (SerDes) circuits that move data between chips and over cables, and chiplets, which are small chip pieces combined in one package. It supplies these as licensed designs and as finished silicon. The company is headquartered in London and was founded in 2017. Qualcomm announced an agreement to acquire it in June 2025, and completion of that deal was not independently confirmed. ASICs · Interconnect & Networking —
- Collins Aerospace Collins Aerospace supplies systems and components for commercial and business aviation, military and defense, helicopters and space. Its products include avionics, which are the electronics that fly and monitor an aircraft, and mission computers that run onboard software for flight and military tasks. It was formed in 2018 by the merger of Rockwell Collins and UTC Aerospace Systems and is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation. It is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is included here for its aircraft computing rather than as a chip designer. ASICs · Edge Computing —
- SWSino Wealth Electronic Sino Wealth Electronic is a Chinese fabless chip company, meaning it designs integrated circuits and leaves manufacturing to foundries. Its products are microcontrollers, which are small chips that run the control logic in appliances, along with display driver chips and power management ICs for consumer electronics and home appliances. It sits in the low-cost embedded segment rather than high-performance computing. Its listing details, founding year and headquarters could not be confirmed for this entry and should be checked against company filings before being relied on. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- MPMonolithic Power Systems Monolithic Power Systems designs power management chips, including DC-to-DC converters that step a supply voltage down to the level a processor or memory chip needs. Its products also include lighting control ICs for LCD backlighting, class D audio amplifiers and power modules with a PMBus interface, a standard digital link for monitoring power supplies. It is a supplier of supporting silicon rather than processors. The company was founded in 1997 by Michael Hsing, who serves as chief executive. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- XTPL XTPL develops ultra-precise dispensing, an additive manufacturing method that prints lines of conductive nanomaterials, such as silver inks, far finer than conventional printing can reach. Its products are the Delta Printing System, the Ultra-Precise Dispensing System and the inks used with them. Uses include repairing circuits in display manufacturing, as well as electronics, healthtech and automotive parts. The company is XTPL S.A., with its registered office in Wroclaw, Poland. It sells to equipment makers and manufacturers rather than designing computing chips, so its fit in a compute directory is peripheral. ASICs PLN 19.5M Series Y share offering (Q1 2026)
- InnoGrit InnoGrit designs SSD controllers and storage products. A controller is the chip that manages how a solid-state drive reads, writes and protects data on its flash memory. Its website describes high-performance, low-power controllers and storage built for the AI era, with drives spanning PCIe Gen5, PCIe Gen4 and SATA for data centres, boot drives and BGA packages. The company lists an office in San Jose, California. ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- Agita Labs Agita Labs sells TrustForge, a platform that processes data in the cloud while keeping it encrypted, using specialised hardware rather than the slow mathematics of fully homomorphic encryption. Programmers can write for it in C++, Python and JavaScript. The technology grew from the Morpheus secure processor research, funded by DARPA, at the University of Michigan. The company was founded by professors Todd Austin and Valeria Bertacco and is based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is not an MIT spin-off. ASICs —
- Andes Technology Andes Technology licenses processor intellectual property based on the RISC-V instruction set, selling its AndesCore designs to chip makers who build them into their own SoCs. The portfolio ranges from small 32-bit embedded cores to 64-bit out-of-order multicore designs, with vector and automotive safety variants. It is a founding premier member of RISC-V International. The company is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan, and has been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under code 6533 since 2017. ASICs · AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Egis Technology Egis Technology is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company known for capacitive and optical fingerprint sensors, including under-display and side-mount designs for phones. It also offers FIDO-based authentication products, ASIC design services and silicon IP for AI, high-performance computing and automotive uses through its wholly owned subsidiary InPsytech. In the supply chain it supplies sensing and interface chips to device makers rather than manufacturing wafers itself. The company is listed on the Taipei Exchange under the code 6462. ASICs · Edge Computing —
- ETEthernovia Ethernovia makes networking chips for vehicles, including single-pair Ethernet PHYs, which are the transceivers that put Ethernet on thin automotive cabling, and deterministic packet processors that move data in a guaranteed time. Cars are shifting from many small controllers to a few central computers, and this approach replaces older in-vehicle buses with Ethernet. The company also offers an Ethernet sensor bridge for NVIDIA Holoscan aimed at physical AI systems. Ethernovia was founded in 2018 by Ramin Shirani, formerly of Aquantia, and is based in San Jose, California. Qualcomm Ventures and Porsche SE led its 2023 Series A. ASICs · Interconnect & Networking $90M+ Series B (Jan 2026)
- Silimate Silimate builds AI agents and tools for frontend chip design and debugging, which it calls AI-native electronic design automation (EDA). EDA is the software engineers use to design and check chips. Silimate's tools aim to help designers reach targets for power, performance and area and to find and fix functional bugs in a chip's logic design. Its website lists a Mountain View, California address and says users include large enterprises and startups. It was part of Y Combinator's S23 batch. ASICs —
- Aeva Technologies Aeva Technologies develops 4D LiDAR sensors based on frequency modulated continuous wave sensing, which measures both distance and instantaneous velocity. It integrates key LiDAR components onto a silicon photonics chip. Its products include the Atlas and Aeries lines, aimed mainly at automotive driver assistance and automated driving, with additional use in industrial automation and security. The sensors supply perception data to vehicle and robot compute stacks. Aeva is headquartered in Mountain View, California, and became publicly traded in 2021 through a merger with InterPrivate Acquisition Corp. Photonic Computing · ASICs —
- eTopus Technology eTopus Technology designs high-speed SerDes, the circuits that convert data between parallel and serial form so chips can talk over wires, and sells them as licensed intellectual property blocks. Its catalogue covers rates up to 112 gigabits per second on 6 and 7 nanometre processes, and it stresses very low latency for Ethernet, PCIe and CXL links in data centres. It also partners with QuickLogic on an eFPGA chiplet, a small reprogrammable logic die. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California. ASICs $100M (November 2023)
- SOSocionext Socionext is a fabless chip designer that develops custom system-on-chip products and application-specific standard products. It serves automotive, data center, networking, consumer and imaging markets, earning revenue from chip sales and from design and development fees. As a custom silicon partner it helps customers build advanced-node chips manufactured by foundries such as TSMC. The company was formed from the system LSI businesses of Fujitsu and Panasonic, is headquartered in Yokohama, Japan, and is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under code 6526. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- STMicroelectronics STMicroelectronics designs and manufactures semiconductors including microcontrollers, sensors, power devices and silicon carbide products used in automotive, industrial and consumer electronics. It operates its own fabs as well as using outside foundries. The company was formed in 1987 by the merger of Italy's SGS Microelettronica and France's Thomson Semiconducteurs, and took the STMicroelectronics name in 1998. Its operational headquarters is in Plan-les-Ouates near Geneva, Switzerland, and its shares are listed in New York, Paris and Milan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Frontgrade Gaisler Frontgrade Gaisler designs radiation-hardened processors and processor designs for spacecraft, based in Gothenburg, Sweden. Radiation-hardened means built to keep working despite the particle radiation found in space. Its chips include the quad-core GR740 and the GR712RC, built on its LEON SPARC processor cores, and it also licenses a RISC-V core called NOEL. It has delivered computing for harsh environments since 2001, and its processors have flown on missions such as Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo and JUICE. The brand belongs to Frontgrade, which is based in Colorado Springs. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- L3Harris Technologies L3Harris is a defense and communications contractor, not a chip maker, so it sits at the edge of compute hardware. It was formed on 29 June 2019 when L3 Technologies merged with Harris Corporation, whose roots go back to 1895. It is headquartered in Melbourne, Florida and listed on the NYSE. As of 2026 it reports three segments, Space and Mission Systems, Communications and Spectrum Dominance, and Missile Solutions. Any in-house semiconductor work was not confirmed, and the record's 2019 founding refers to the merger. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Partcl Partcl develops software for chip design that runs on GPUs rather than conventional processors. Its Boson tool performs static timing analysis, the check that signals travel between circuits fast enough for a chip to work at its target clock speed. Its Graviton tool handles placement, which decides where each circuit block sits on the die. The company says GPU execution makes these steps much faster than established tools, though the figures are its own and unaudited. Partcl is based in San Francisco and announced seed funding from Pioneer Fund in June 2025. ASICs Seed round (Jun 2025, Pioneer Fund)
- SiLogy Silogy sells a web platform for chip verification, the testing of a chip's digital logic in simulation before it is manufactured. It runs test regressions in the cloud, tracks coverage and pass rates, and includes a waveform viewer for inspecting signals. Its AI assistant, Viv, reads logs, code and waveforms to suggest the root cause of failed tests. The company says Viv can run on a customer's own infrastructure. Silogy was founded in 2023, joined Y Combinator's Winter 2024 batch, and is led by Kay Li and Paul Kim. Y Combinator lists its location as New York City. ASICs $500K seed (2024)
- Infineon Technologies Infineon Technologies is a German semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Neubiberg near Munich. It makes power semiconductors, automotive microcontrollers such as the AURIX family, sensors, and security and connectivity chips. These parts are used in vehicles and industrial equipment. Infineon was spun off from Siemens in April 1999, and it acquired International Rectifier in 2015 to strengthen its MOSFET portfolio. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- SCScaleFlux ScaleFlux makes computational storage, which places processing inside the solid-state drive so that tasks such as data compression happen where the data sits instead of on the main processor. This reduces the data moved across the system and can save host processing time. The company sells SSDs built around its own controller chips for data centres and AI workloads. It is based in San Jose, California. AI Accelerators · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- ITInnoviz Technologies Innoviz Technologies designs and sells automotive-grade LiDAR sensors and perception software, including its InnovizTwo platform, for driver assistance and automated vehicles. Its sensors produce 3D point clouds that onboard computers use to detect objects. Volkswagen selected it as a direct LiDAR supplier for automated vehicles, and Mobileye has said it would use InnovizTwo in its Mobileye Drive platform. The company was founded in 2016 in Israel and is listed on Nasdaq. ASICs · Custom Silicon $728M
- Faraday Technology Faraday Technology is a Taiwanese fabless company that provides ASIC and system on chip design services together with silicon IP. An ASIC is a chip made for one customer's specific purpose, and Faraday helps clients take such a design from specification through to the layout data sent to a foundry. Most of its revenue comes from royalties on chips it has designed for customers. It was founded in 1993 as a spin-off from United Microelectronics Corporation and is based in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- BIBitmain Bitmain designs and sells the machines used to mine bitcoin, sold under the Antminer brand. These rely on ASICs, which are chips built for one task, here the hashing calculation that secures the bitcoin network, so they do that single job more efficiently than general-purpose processors. It also operates mining pools and hosting services. Bitmain was founded in 2013 by Micree Zhan and Jihan Wu, is privately held and is headquartered in Beijing. By 2018 it was the largest designer of bitcoin mining chips. Its subsidiary Sophgo makes AI chips. ASICs —
- Rohm Semiconductor Rohm is a Japanese maker of power devices, analog and logic chips, and discrete components such as transistors and diodes. Its silicon carbide power chips handle high voltages more efficiently than silicon and suit electric vehicles and industrial equipment. Rohm does not design compute processors, so it sits in this directory as a supplier of power electronics. It was founded in Kyoto in 1958 as Toyo Electronics Industry Corporation and is still headquartered there. Its group includes Lapis Semiconductor, formerly OKI Semiconductor. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Maxscend Microelectronics Maxscend Microelectronics designs radio frequency front-end chips for mobile phones, the parts between the antenna and the modem such as switches, low-noise amplifiers and filters. It began trial production of surface acoustic wave filters in 2022, which select the frequency bands a phone uses. The company is headquartered in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, and has been listed on the ChiNext board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since June 2019 under ticker 300782. Wikipedia gives its founding as April 2006. ASICs —
- Loongson Loongson designs general-purpose processors for Chinese desktops, servers and embedded systems. Its older chips used the MIPS instruction set, the rulebook that defines what software a processor can run. Since 2020 it has used its own LoongArch architecture, which a licence holder disputed as too close to MIPS before an arbitration largely went Loongson's way. The company was established in Beijing in April 2010 as a venture between the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Computing Technology and the chip designer BLX IC Design. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- HMHopeRF Microelectronics HopeRF designs wireless radio chips and ready-made radio modules, mainly for sub-1GHz bands, along with sensor chips. Its range includes LoRa modules such as the RFM95, which use a long-range, low-power radio technique suited to sensors and meters that send small amounts of data over long distances. It sells components for other makers to build into products rather than finished consumer devices. The company says it was registered in Shenzhen, China in 2004 and reports more than 2,500 cooperating customers. Edge Computing · ASICs —
- Morse Micro Morse Micro is a fabless chip company, meaning it designs chips and has others manufacture them, that makes Wi-Fi HaLow chips for Internet of Things devices. HaLow is based on the IEEE 802.11ah standard and uses lower radio frequencies than ordinary Wi-Fi, so signals travel farther and pass through walls more easily at the cost of lower speeds. Its current chips are the MM6108 and MM8108. The company was founded in 2016 in Sydney, Australia by Michael de Nil and Andrew Terry, both formerly of Broadcom. ASICs · Custom Silicon $59M Series C (Sep 2025, MegaChips-led); $193M total
- Openchip Openchip designs RISC-V accelerators and systems on chip, together with the software needed to run them, for AI and high performance computing. RISC-V is an open instruction set that anyone can build on without a licence fee. The company is headquartered in Barcelona, Spain, and says it was selected under a European Important Project of Common European Interest to design a family of accelerator chips. It positions its products as European alternatives for sovereign computing. AI Accelerators · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Tata Electronics Tata Electronics is the Tata Group company building India's first large commercial semiconductor supply chain. Its plans include a wafer fabrication plant at Dholera in Gujarat, built with Taiwan's Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, and an assembly and test plant at Jagiroad in Assam. A fab turns silicon wafers into chips, while assembly and test packages and checks them. The foundation stones for both sites were laid in March 2024, and the Dholera fab is planned at up to 50,000 wafers per month. ASICs · Custom Silicon $10B+ investment
- DB HiTek DB HiTek is a South Korean foundry that manufactures chips on 8-inch wafers for other companies rather than designing its own. Its processes cover analog, mixed-signal, power management, CMOS image sensors and display driver chips, with BCD technology a flagship. It operates fabs in Bucheon and Eumseong, and is developing silicon carbide and gallium nitride power processes. It is part of the DB Group, and the Bucheon fab is reported to be running near full capacity on power chip demand. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- COCognichip Cognichip, based in San Francisco, builds AI models for designing semiconductors, an approach it calls artificial chip intelligence. The aim is to automate steps of chip design that engineers now do largely by hand, so that new chips cost less and take less time. The company says its models draw on the laws of physics as well as data, and the cost and time savings it cites are its own claims. It was founded in 2024 by Faraj Aalaei, who previously served as chief executive of Centillium Communications. ASICs · Custom Silicon $60M Series A (Apr 2026)
- SiLC Technologies SiLC Technologies makes Eyeonic, a family of LiDAR sensors built around a single silicon photonic chip. It uses FMCW, or frequency-modulated continuous wave, which sweeps the frequency of a laser beam so the sensor can read both distance and velocity of an object from each measurement. Most automotive LiDAR instead times short light pulses and infers speed from successive frames. SiLC was founded in 2018 by silicon photonics veterans, is led by CEO Mehdi Asghari and is based in Monrovia, California. Its investors include Dell Technologies Capital, Sony Innovation Fund and Epson. Photonic Computing · ASICs $17M Series A (May 2025, Alter/Dell-led); total ~$54M
- Atmosic Technologies Atmosic is a fabless chip company that designs very low power Bluetooth system on chip devices for sensors, tags and other small connected products. Its chips can run on energy harvested from radio waves, light or motion, which lets some devices work with a much smaller battery or none at all. Atmosic was founded in 2016 and is based in the San Jose area of California. Its current product lines include the ATM33 and ATM34 series, and the ATM34 family supports Bluetooth 6.0. Edge Computing · ASICs $40M Series D (Mar 2025)
- NMNiobium Microsystems Niobium Microsystems builds hardware to accelerate fully homomorphic encryption, a method that lets software compute on data without ever decrypting it. The workload is very slow on ordinary processors, so Niobium is developing a system-on-chip, offered as a PCIe card for existing servers, along with a compiler and software kit. It has also described an encrypted cloud platform for private AI using FPGAs, which are reprogrammable chips. The company is headquartered in Dayton, Ohio, and was spun out of the research firm Galois in 2021. ASICs $23M+ follow-on round (Dec 2025)
- Inversion Semiconductor Inversion Semiconductor is an early-stage US startup working on lithography for future chip scaling. Lithography is the step that prints circuit patterns onto silicon wafers, and it is a limit on how small chips can be made. The company's public website is a placeholder that gives a contact address and no product details. Claims about laser wakefield acceleration, a way of producing particle beams in a compact space, and about its partners and speed were not confirmed. ASICs —
- Arbe Robotics Arbe Robotics develops 4D imaging radar for vehicles, built around a chipset with 48 transmit and 48 receive channels plus a processor and perception software. It sells mainly to Tier 1 automotive suppliers, and also targets trucks, robotaxis, drones and defense uses. In compute terms it supplies sensing silicon and the processing that turns radar returns into a detailed environment map. Founded in 2015 and based in Tel Aviv, it has traded on Nasdaq as ARBE since a SPAC merger in October 2021. ASICs · Custom Silicon $246M
- Raytheon Semiconductors This record does not match a clearly separate company. Raytheon is a business within RTX Corporation, formed in 2020 when Raytheon Company merged with United Technologies, and RTX is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, not Waltham. RTX's Raytheon website lists microelectronics under its advanced technology work, alongside radars, electronic warfare and missile systems. Specific claims about gallium arsenide or gallium nitride chips and radiation-hardened parts could not be confirmed here. The 1922 founding date refers to the original Raytheon company, not a semiconductor unit. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- ATAndar Technologies Andar Technologies is listed as a Hangzhou-based designer of millimeter-wave radar chips built on standard CMOS silicon, aimed at smart home, security, traffic and industrial safety sensing. Millimeter-wave radar uses very high frequency radio waves to detect presence, distance and motion, without the privacy concerns of a camera. Further details, including founding year, ownership and customers, could not be verified, and the company may use a different registered Chinese name. ASICs —
- SiFive SiFive designs processor cores based on RISC-V, an open instruction set that any company can use without paying a fee for the architecture itself. It mainly licenses these designs to chip makers, who build them into their own products. In January 2026 it said it would integrate Nvidia's NVLink Fusion, an interconnect that links processors to Nvidia GPUs, into its data centre platforms. SiFive was founded in California in 2015 and is fabless, meaning it does not run its own factories. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V $400M Series G (Apr 2026, Atreides-led, $3.65B valuation)
- Micron Technology Micron Technology makes memory and storage products, including DRAM, NAND and NOR flash, SSDs and high bandwidth memory (HBM). Its HBM3E stacks are used with NVIDIA data center GPUs, including H200 and Blackwell based platforms. Micron designs and manufactures its own memory, so it supplies AI accelerator makers and server builders as a component vendor. It also sells to the mobile, automotive, PC and industrial markets. The company began in 1978 in Boise, Idaho, where it is based. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- Eliyan Eliyan makes interconnect technology that links chiplets, the small dies packaged together to form one large processor. Its NuLink products are IP cores, meaning licensable circuit designs, for die-to-die and chip-to-chip connections in AI and high-performance computing systems. It also offers NuLight, optical chiplets that use micro VCSEL lasers to carry data beyond the reach of copper. Ramin Farjadrad is chief executive and a co-founder, alongside Syrus Ziai and Patrick Soheili. ASICs · Interconnect & Networking $50M strategic investment (January 2026); total >$100M
- Transphorm Transphorm designs and makes gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors, which are switches used in power supplies and converters. GaN can switch faster and waste less energy as heat than conventional silicon switches, so power adapters and converters built with it can be smaller. The company was founded in 2007 and is based in Goleta, California, near UC Santa Barbara. Renesas agreed to acquire it for $339 million in January 2024, and the deal was announced as complete on 20 June 2024. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- CSC2i Semiconductors C2i Semiconductors is a Bengaluru fabless company that designs power delivery chips for AI data centers. Its products include software-defined controllers and smart power stages, which convert and regulate the electricity that reaches processors, with the aim of wasting less energy between the grid and the chip. Sources say it was founded in 2024 by former Texas Instruments power engineers. Infineon Technologies has agreed to acquire the company, with completion expected in the third quarter of 2026. ASICs · Custom Silicon $15M Series A (Feb 2026)
- Skyworks Solutions Skyworks Solutions designs analog and mixed-signal semiconductors, mainly radio frequency front-end modules for smartphones, plus products for automotive, broadband and aerospace markets. Its parts handle wireless connectivity inside edge devices, not general-purpose computing. The company was formed in 2002 through the merger of Alpha Industries and the wireless business of Conexant Systems. In October 2025 it agreed to acquire Qorvo, with closing expected in early 2027. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- MicroBT MicroBT makes bitcoin mining machines sold under the Whatsminer brand. These are built around ASICs, chips designed for a single job, here the hashing calculation that secures the bitcoin network, which lets them run that task more efficiently than general-purpose processors. The company is based in Shenzhen, China, and competes mainly with Bitmain and Canaan in the market for mining hardware. Founding year and ownership details could not be independently confirmed from the sources checked. ASICs —
- Dialog Semiconductor (now Renesas) Dialog Semiconductor designed mixed-signal chips, mainly power management ICs that control how battery power is distributed inside a device, plus audio and connectivity parts for mobile and IoT products. It began in May 1985 as IMP (UK) Limited and operated from Reading in the United Kingdom, with a large German presence. Apple was its dominant customer, buying its power management chips for iPhone, iPad and Watch since 2007. Renesas completed its acquisition of Dialog in August 2021, and Dialog now operates as a Renesas subsidiary. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Phytium Technology Phytium designs Arm-based processors under the FeiTeng brand, covering server CPUs for data centres, desktop chips and embedded parts. Arm is a licensed instruction set, so Phytium builds its own cores that run Arm software rather than copying a ready-made design. The company is based in Tianjin. The US Commerce Department added Tianjin Phytium Information Technology to its Entity List in April 2021, citing support for Chinese military supercomputing, which limits its access to American technology. Its recent server chips include the 64-core Tengyun S2500. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- YMYMTC Yangtze Memory Technologies, or YMTC, makes 3D NAND flash, the storage memory used in solid-state drives and phones. It was founded in 2016 and is based in Wuhan, Hubei. Its Xtacking design builds the memory cell array and the supporting logic circuits on two separate wafers and bonds them together, which differs from the usual approach of placing both on one wafer. YMTC was formerly a subsidiary of Tsinghua Unigroup and has been subject to United States export restrictions. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage IPO process launched May 2026
- Signalchip Signalchip is a fabless semiconductor company in Bangalore, India, meaning it designs chips but has others manufacture them. It makes wireless chipsets for cellular base stations, including LTE baseband platforms, single-chip LTE base stations that also support WCDMA, and radio transceivers for 5G NR, LTE and WCDMA. These are the parts inside the radio equipment that connects phones to the network. The company says it was founded in 2010 and lists its address in the Banaswadi area of Bangalore. ASICs —
- Sequans Communications Sequans is a fabless semiconductor company that designs chips and modules for 4G and 5G cellular IoT devices. Its portfolio includes baseband, RF transceiver and highly integrated SoC products, among them the Monarch LTE-M and NB-IoT platform and the Calliope Cat 1 platform. The company began with WiMAX and moved to LTE in 2009. Sequans was incorporated in 2003, is based in Paris, France, and its American depositary shares trade on the NYSE under SQNS. ASICs · Edge Computing —
- Sivers Semiconductors Sivers Semiconductors makes millimeter wave chips and antenna modules for satellite communications, fixed wireless access and defense, plus high-power lasers for optical links in AI data centers. Millimeter wave means very high radio frequencies that carry large amounts of data over short distances, and the lasers send that data as light between servers. It combines a wireless business and a photonics business in one company, which is unusual among chip suppliers. The company is headquartered in Kista, Sweden, and its shares trade on Nasdaq Stockholm under the ticker SIVE. ASICs ESA contract ~$900K (2025)
- VPVoyant Photonics Voyant Photonics makes lidar sensors based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave technology, known as FMCW. Unlike conventional lidar, which times short laser pulses, FMCW sweeps the laser frequency and measures the shift in the returned light, which can also give the speed of each point directly. The company builds this on photonic chips, meaning optical circuits made on silicon, and its products include the Carbon sensor. It is based in New York. Photonic Computing · ASICs —
- STStarFive StarFive, formally Shanghai StarFive Semiconductor Technology, designs RISC-V processors. It licenses CPU and network-on-chip IP, which are ready-made design blocks, and sells its own chips, including the JH7110 application processor, a baseboard management controller chip and microcontrollers. It also sells VisionFive single-board computers and development kits, and publishes an open-source Linux SDK. The company is based in Shanghai. Production status of newer chips and its founding year were not confirmed. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Cepton Cepton develops lidar, a sensor that measures distance by timing reflected laser light to build a three-dimensional picture of the surroundings. Its hardware includes the Vista Ultra and Nova Ultra sensors, and it also offers Helius and StudioViz software, with a stated focus on safe and autonomous transportation. Cepton is based at 399 W. Trimble Rd in San Jose, California, and its sensors are aimed at vehicles and driver assistance systems. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- SSSolomon Systech Solomon Systech is a Hong Kong fabless semiconductor company that designs display and touch chips and has them made by outside foundries. Its range covers display driver ICs for mobile screens, in-cell touch and display drivers that combine both functions in one chip, touch controllers, and drivers for OLED panels. These parts sit in the display path of consumer devices and are not compute processors. Solomon Systech (International) Limited has been listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong stock exchange since 8 April 2004 under stock code 2878. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Ingonyama Ingonyama builds acceleration for zero-knowledge proofs, a cryptographic method that lets one party prove a computation is correct without revealing the underlying data. Its best-known product is ICICLE, an open-source library that speeds up the heavy maths of proof generation on Nvidia GPUs, with FPGA and custom chip work described as a longer-term aim. That puts it closer to a software and silicon design house than a chip seller today. The company is based in Israel, and ICICLE was first released in March 2023. ASICs · FPGAs —
- Sony Semiconductor Solutions Sony Semiconductor Solutions is the chip arm of Sony Group, best known for CMOS image sensors, the light-sensing chips inside cameras, phones and cars. It also makes other sensors and large-scale integration chips. As a business unit of a consumer electronics group, it is a sensor specialist rather than a general processor vendor. It is based in Atsugi, Kanagawa. Sony's semiconductor business began in 1954, and the current Semiconductor Solutions group structure dates to 2015, according to Sony's own history. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- ChangXin Memory Technologies ChangXin Memory Technologies, known as CXMT, designs and manufactures DRAM, the fast working memory used in servers, PCs and phones. It is China's largest DRAM maker and is based in Hefei, Anhui, where it was founded in 2016 with local government backing and the involvement of GigaDevice founder Zhu Yiming. It has reported production of DDR5 memory and has been approved to list on Shanghai's STAR Market. Reports say it drew on technology and staff from the former German DRAM maker Qimonda. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage $4.2B IPO planned (Shanghai STAR Market, updated prospectus May 2026)
- Goodix Technology Goodix is a fabless chip designer, meaning it designs chips and leaves manufacturing to outside foundries. It started with communication chips for fixed-line phones, then moved into touchscreen controllers and fingerprint sensors for smartphones, and has been expanding into IoT and automotive electronics. It also bought NXP's voice and audio business in 2019. The company was founded in 2002 and is headquartered in Shenzhen, and its shares have traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange since 2016. It is a sensor and interface supplier rather than a maker of compute processors. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- RSRaydium Semiconductor Raydium Semiconductor is a Taiwanese fabless chip company, meaning it designs chips and leaves manufacturing to outside foundries. Its products are display driver ICs, which send the signals that light the pixels of a screen, and touch controllers, which read finger input on a panel. It sells mainly into phones, tablets and other displays rather than computing hardware. Record problem noted for editors. The website on file, raydium.com.tw, currently shows a placeholder page and appears not to be the company's own site. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Elbit Systems Elbit Systems is an Israeli defense company that makes unmanned aircraft, electro-optical sensors, electronic warfare and signals intelligence systems, communications radios and munitions. Electronic warfare means detecting, jamming or protecting against enemy radio and radar signals. It is a systems maker rather than a chip designer, so computing is part of its products and not its main business. It was founded in 1966 as Elbit Computers, is headquartered in Haifa, and trades on both the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and Nasdaq under the symbol ESLT. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- Chipletz Chipletz makes the Smart Substrate, a package base that lets chips from different suppliers be combined in one package. A substrate is the layer a chip package is built on, and the company says its design removes the need for an interposer, the silicon layer normally used to wire separate dies together. It targets AI and high-performance computing systems, where large processors are increasingly assembled from several smaller chiplets. Chipletz lists its address in Bee Cave, Texas, in the Austin area. ASICs · Interconnect & Networking Series B (SKC Ltd)
- Auradine Auradine designs semiconductors and systems for bitcoin mining and AI infrastructure. Its Teraflux line of bitcoin miners uses custom ASICs, chips built for one task, here the SHA-256 hashing that secures the Bitcoin network. The company has also launched AuraLinks AI, a networking unit focused on open-standards connectivity inside AI data centers. Auradine is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and its investors include StepStone, Samsung Catalyst Fund, Qualcomm Ventures and MARA Holdings. ASICs $153M Series C (April 2025, StepStone-led)
- Bluespec Bluespec supplies RISC-V processor cores and related design tools. RISC-V is an open instruction set that companies can build on without a licence fee. Its offerings include portable soft cores, domain-specific cores for acceleration, hardware-assisted verification, and a high-level synthesis flow called Accelerate-HLS, which turns software-style descriptions into chip logic. It also works with Synopsys on RISC-V verification. The company lists its office in Framingham, Massachusetts, not Waltham. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- RCRFHIC Corporation South Korean maker of GaN RF and microwave components, from transistors and amplifiers to microwave systems, serving telecom, radar, electronic warfare and RF energy. It leads a turquoise hydrogen project using a GaN solid-state power amplifier microwave system, funded through KEIT, with a review meeting in April 2026. In February 2026 it began supplying GaN amplifiers for a roughly KRW 18.7 billion POSTECH accelerator project running to 2029. ASICs · Analog Computing —
- MagnaChip Semiconductor MagnaChip Semiconductor designs and sells analog and power semiconductors, meaning chips that switch and regulate electrical power in products such as appliances, vehicles and industrial equipment. It has historically also made display driver chips, which control the pixels in screens, but the company has been moving toward a power-focused product line. It operates manufacturing in South Korea and sells mainly to electronics makers in Asia. It is a power and display chip supplier, not a maker of processors or AI accelerators. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Allegro MicroSystems Allegro MicroSystems designs sensor chips and power chips for automotive and industrial use. Its Hall-effect sensors detect magnetic fields, which lets a car or machine measure position, speed or current without physical contact, and its motor drivers and regulators control power. Its website describes the business as fabless, so other foundries manufacture its silicon. It is a supplier of components around processors rather than a processor maker. The company is based in Manchester, New Hampshire, and trades on NASDAQ under ALGM. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Wolfspeed Wolfspeed makes silicon carbide materials and power devices used in electric vehicles, industrial equipment and energy systems. It is a vertically integrated supplier, producing its own silicon carbide substrates as well as the chips built on them, with its main 200mm wafer plant in Marcy, New York. Its power devices matter to compute mainly through efficient power conversion. The company is based in Durham, North Carolina, and announced its emergence from Chapter 11 restructuring on 29 September 2025, with total debt reduced by about 70 percent. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Fastree3D Fastree3D is a Swiss company building 3D vision systems based on SPAD sensors, which are image sensors sensitive enough to detect single photons of light. These are used in flash lidar, a type of depth sensing that lights a whole scene at once. Its stated applications include pedestrian protection for cars, accident prevention for forklift vehicles and human-robot collaboration in factories. The company is located at the EPFL Innovation Park in Lausanne, Switzerland. Photonic Computing · ASICs —
- Tower Semiconductor Tower Semiconductor is a specialty foundry that manufactures analog, RF, power and silicon photonics chips for other companies. Its silicon germanium and silicon photonics platforms serve optical transceivers and networking gear used in AI data centers. It is a supplier of process technology rather than a designer of its own processors. The company is headquartered in Migdal Haemek, Israel, and has announced a government-backed expansion of 300mm silicon photonics and silicon germanium capacity in Japan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Vishay Intertechnology Vishay Intertechnology makes discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components. Discrete parts are single-function devices such as diodes, rectifiers and MOSFETs, which are power switching transistors, and passives include resistors, capacitors and inductors. These parts sit around processors and power circuits in cars, industrial gear and computers rather than performing computation themselves. Felix Zandman founded the company in 1962, and it is headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. Vishay is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and has grown largely through acquisitions since 1985. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- SYSynopsys Synopsys sells electronic design automation software for chip design and verification, along with reusable silicon IP such as interface and memory blocks. Chip designers and foundries use its tools and IP to build processors, accelerators and system-on-chip products. In July 2025 it completed its roughly 35 billion dollar acquisition of Ansys, adding simulation and multiphysics software. The company was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- UNUNISOC UNISOC is a fabless chip designer that makes mobile system-on-chips, baseband modems and radio chips for smartphones, tablets, wearables and other connected devices, including automotive electronics. A system-on-chip combines processor, graphics and modem on one die. The company is headquartered in Shanghai, China, and grew from Spreadtrum Communications, founded in 2001, and RDA Microelectronics. Tsinghua Unigroup acquired both firms and combined them under the UNISOC name in 2018. It has more than 5,000 employees, most of them in research and development. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- IRIntegrated Reasoning Integrated Reasoning designs processors for optimization problems such as airline crew scheduling and packing goods into shipping containers. These belong to a class called NP-complete problems, where the work needed to find the best answer grows very quickly with problem size. The company builds chips around the memory access patterns of this class of problem rather than using general-purpose CPUs, and claims speedups of 100 to 10,000 times, a figure from its own materials. It joined Y Combinator in the Summer 2022 batch and was founded in 2021 by David Cox. Y Combinator lists its location as San Diego, California, not San Francisco. ASICs YC-backed
- Corigine Corigine is a fabless semiconductor company focused on networking silicon and related tools. Its products include TCAM, a fast lookup memory used by routers and switches to match packet rules, and Agilio SmartNICs, which are network cards with their own processors that take networking work off the server CPU. It also sells MimicPro, an FPGA-based system that lets engineers test chip designs and software before silicon exists. Its stated markets include cloud networking, data centre infrastructure and network security. ASICs —
- DEDeGirum DeGirum makes ORCA, an accelerator chip for running trained neural networks on edge devices such as cameras and small computers, together with PySDK, a Python toolkit meant to work across different hardware. It first presented ORCA publicly in late 2021 after operating quietly. The company also runs a cloud service that lets developers test models on its hardware before buying. DeGirum was founded in 2017 and is generally listed as based in Santa Clara, California. AI Accelerators · Edge Computing · ASICs $42M
- AttoTude AttoTude makes interconnects for AI data centres, the links that carry data between chips and servers. Its DiAx product is a dielectrically enhanced TwinAx, a twin-conductor cable style link in which signals are guided through a low-loss dielectric waveguide, a non-conducting guide material. The company describes the design as passive, with no conversion to light. It lists offices in Menlo Park, California, and Ottawa, Ontario. ASICs $50M Series B (Mar 2025)
- SISiltronic Siltronic produces ultra-pure silicon wafers, the base material on which most semiconductors are made, including 300mm wafers for advanced logic and memory chips. It is one of the main wafer suppliers to chipmakers worldwide, so it sits at the start of the compute supply chain. It operates wafer plants in Germany and Singapore, including a large 300mm fab in Freiberg. The company is headquartered in Munich and grew out of the silicon activities of Wacker Chemie. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Etched Etched designs Sohu, a chip built only for transformer models, the neural network type behind most large language models. A GPU is flexible and carries circuitry for many kinds of workloads. By fixing the design around the transformer, Etched aims to spend more of the chip on useful arithmetic, at the cost of being unable to run many other model types. Etched was founded in 2022 by Gavin Uberti, Chris Zhu and Robert Wachen, and the company says Sohu is made on TSMC 4nm. ASICs · AI Accelerators $500M round at $5B valuation (Jan 2026, Stripes-led; total ~$1B)
- WSWill Semiconductor Will Semiconductor is a Chinese chip group that acquired the American image sensor maker OmniVision Technologies, with its subsidiary based in Santa Clara, California, and combined it with SuperPix Micro Technology to form the OmniVision group. The group is best known for CMOS image sensors, the light-sensing chips in cameras, along with companion ASICs for automotive, medical, AR and VR, and IoT uses. This is a sensor business more than a compute hardware one. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Aledia Aledia makes microLED displays, in which each pixel is a very small LED, using gallium nitride nanowires grown upright on large silicon wafers. Standard LEDs are flat layers grown on sapphire or similar wafers, so building on silicon lets Aledia use semiconductor factory tools designed for larger wafers. In 2020 it announced microLED chips made on 300 millimetre silicon wafers. Aledia spun out of the French research institute CEA-Leti, around 2011 or 2012 according to different sources, and is based in Grenoble, France. It is not a processor company, so its fit in this directory is marginal. ASICs $600M
- Bronco AI Bronco AI builds software agents that act as verification engineers for chip design. Verification is the stage where a chip's design is tested in simulation to find bugs and confirm that the tests cover the intended behaviour, known as functional coverage, before the design is sent for manufacture. Bronco's agents work alongside human verification teams to find bugs and raise coverage. The company says its tools are deployed at chipmakers working on 4 nm process nodes. It is a Y Combinator Summer 2023 company based in San Francisco, founded by David Zhi LuoZhang and Jeffrey Pan. ASICs YC S23, 8VC
- AUAutotalks Autotalks designed chipsets for V2X, short for vehicle-to-everything communication, which lets cars exchange safety messages directly with other vehicles, roadside equipment and pedestrians without relying on a mobile network. Its TEKTON3 is a system-on-chip for this purpose. The company was Israeli, and its original web address now redirects to Qualcomm's automotive V2X page, consistent with its acquisition by Qualcomm. ASICs —
- Flexxon Flexxon designs and sells industrial NAND flash storage, including SSDs, memory cards and USB drives, aimed at cybersecurity, industrial, medical and automotive customers. Its X-PHY line adds firmware that uses machine learning to look for signs of attack on the drive itself, so protection works below the operating system. The company is based in Singapore, with offices listed in Cupertino, California, Baltimore, Maryland and Hong Kong. Its product range also includes write-once and read-only media, and encrypted USB drives. AI Accelerators · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- EMElan Microelectronics Elan Microelectronics is a Taiwanese chip designer known for touchpad and touch controllers and fingerprint sensors used in laptops and other devices. Its products process sensor signals rather than serve as general-purpose compute processors, so it is a peripheral and edge-device record in this directory. The Hsinchu location and 1994 founding year in the existing record could not be confirmed from the sources checked for this update, so the description leaves them out. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- InCore Semiconductor InCore Semiconductors designs processor cores based on RISC-V, an open instruction set that anyone can use without paying a license fee, and licenses them to chip makers. Its cores include Azurite, a small low-power embedded design, and Calcite, which targets higher performance. The company grew out of the Shakti processor project at IIT Madras and was founded in Chennai in 2018. It raised $3 million in seed funding from Peak XV in 2023. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V · Custom Silicon $3M seed (Peak XV)
- Credo Semiconductor Credo designs high-speed connectivity products for data centers, including SerDes technology, retimers, optical DSPs and active electrical cables sold under the HiWire name. These parts move data between servers, switches and accelerators in AI and cloud networks. The company is fabless, selling mainly to hyperscalers, equipment makers and optical module makers. It was founded in 2008, is headquartered in San Jose, California, and trades on Nasdaq under CRDO after listing in 2022. ASICs · Photonic Computing · Interconnect & Networking —
- SPSpacemiT SpacemiT designs processors based on RISC-V, an open instruction set, aimed mainly at AI workloads. Its products include the Key Stone K1 eight-core chip, the VitalStone V100 server processor and the K3 chip built on its X100 core. It also sells Muse-branded consumer devices, including a laptop running its Bianbu operating system. SpacemiT is privately held and based in Hangzhou, China. ASICs · AI Accelerators · Edge Computing $86M Series B (2025); Series A+ in hundreds of millions CNY
- Picocom Picocom is a fabless semiconductor company that designs baseband chips and carrier-grade software for 4G and 5G small cells, the compact base stations used indoors and in dense areas. A baseband chip handles the digital signal processing that turns radio signals into data. Picocom builds to Open RAN standards, which let operators mix equipment from different vendors, and it has also moved into satellite networks. The company is based in Bristol, United Kingdom, and lists membership of the Small Cell Forum and the O-RAN Alliance. ASICs · DSPs —
- PQShield PQShield sells post-quantum cryptography, which means encryption designed to resist attacks from future quantum computers. Its range includes software libraries for small embedded devices and OpenSSL applications, secure coprocessors, a root-of-trust system, and hardware accelerators that chip designers license. Unlike many security vendors, it supplies both the hardware blocks and the software, along with advisory services. PQShield was founded in 2018 as a spin-out from the University of Oxford and is headquartered in Oxford, United Kingdom. ASICs · Edge Computing $37M Series B (June 2024)
- SSSharp Semiconductor This record describes Sharp Corporation, the Japanese electronics group, rather than a standalone chip company. Sharp is best known for displays and consumer and business electronics, and its semiconductor activity is one division inside that wider business, including optical and laser devices. The group is headquartered in Sakai, Osaka, and has been an asset-light business in recent years, selling some manufacturing subsidiaries. Readers looking for compute hardware should treat it as a diversified electronics manufacturer with limited exposure to processors or accelerators. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- TEToshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Toshiba Electronic Devices and Storage Corporation is the semiconductor and storage subsidiary of Toshiba Corporation. It sells power semiconductors such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, which switch large currents efficiently, plus diodes, isolators, motor driver chips, microcontrollers, linear image sensors and hard disk storage products. It focuses on power and analog parts rather than leading-edge processors. The 1875 founding date in this record belongs to the Toshiba group, not this subsidiary. Toshiba's flash memory business was separated earlier and is now Kioxia. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- FEFermionIC Fabless semiconductor company in Bengaluru, founded in 2020, that designs multi-protocol re-timer chips for PCIe 5.0 and USB4. It reported about $6M in funding in a round dated 30 September 2024. Analog Computing · ASICs $6M (Sept 2024)
- e-peas e-peas is a fabless Belgian company that makes ultra low power chips for energy harvesting, which means collecting small amounts of power from light, heat, vibration or radio waves. Its main products are power management ICs in the AEM family, which condense that trickle of energy into a stable supply for wireless sensors and similar devices. It also develops microcontrollers for the same low power market. The company was founded in 2014, is headquartered in Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium, and has offices in Switzerland and the United States. Edge Computing · ASICs €17.5M Series C (2025)
- SMSG Micro SG Micro designs analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, which handle real-world signals such as voltage, current and sound rather than only digital logic. Its main business is analog chips, including power management ICs that regulate and convert battery and supply voltages in electronic devices. The company is fabless, using outside foundries such as TSMC for manufacturing. It was founded in 2007 by Zhang Shilong, a former Texas Instruments employee, is headquartered in Beijing, and has been listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 2017 under ticker 300661. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Zhaoxin Zhaoxin designs x86-compatible processors, meaning chips that run the same software as Intel and AMD parts, mainly for the Chinese market. Its KaiXian line targets desktop and business PCs and its KaiSheng line targets servers. The company was set up in 2013 as a joint venture between Taiwan's VIA Technologies and a Shanghai municipal government investment firm, and its ability to build x86 chips rests on VIA's x86 licence. Its earliest designs came from VIA's Isaiah core, and it has since developed its own microarchitectures. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Synaptics Synaptics designs human interface chips, meaning the controllers that let people interact with devices. Its products include touch controllers, display drivers, fingerprint sensors and processors for audio, video and connected devices. It is a fabless chip designer, so it sells silicon rather than systems. Federico Faggin and Carver Mead founded the company in 1986, and it is headquartered in San Jose, California. It went public in 2002 and trades on Nasdaq. It originally became known for laptop touchpads. ASICs · AI Accelerators —
- AheadComputing AheadComputing designs high-performance CPU cores based on RISC-V, an open instruction set, and plans to license them as intellectual property for other companies to build into chips. It was founded in July 2024 by four engineers who left Intel, led by chief executive Debbie Marr, a former Intel Fellow with 33 years at the company. A seed round of $21.5 million led by Eclipse was announced in early 2025, and Tenstorrent chief executive Jim Keller joined its board. AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V · ASICs $21.5M seed (Feb 2025)
- SISilectric Silicon carbide (SiC) fab near Mysuru. Zoho Corporation venture for power semiconductors. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- XTXConn Technologies XConn Technologies is recorded as a developer of switch chips for CXL and PCIe, the interconnects that link processors, memory and accelerators inside servers. CXL lets servers share and expand pools of memory. Neither the company's website nor a Marvell announcement could be reached during checking, so the headquarters in San Jose, the 2020 founding year and the reported Marvell acquisition could not be verified. The previous description gave a deal value and closing date that remain unconfirmed and have been left out. ASICs · In-Memory Computing · Interconnect & Networking —
- BSBaya Systems Baya Systems sells network-on-chip fabric IP, which is the on-chip wiring and switching that moves data between processing cores, memory and other blocks inside a processor or across chiplets. Chiplets are small dies combined in one package. Its WeaveIP products include coherent and non-coherent fabrics and NeuraScale, and its WeaverPro software is used to model and tune system designs. Its website lists a Santa Clara, California headquarters, with offices in Austin, Cambridge and Bengaluru. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Interconnect & Networking $36M+ Series B (Jan 2025)
- Calterah Semiconductor Calterah designs radar chips that work at millimeter wave frequencies, mainly for automotive driver assistance and also for industrial sensing. Its products include transceivers, systems on chip that add a processor, and antenna in package designs that place the antenna inside the chip package. Calterah builds these radar chips in standard CMOS silicon, a mainstream chip process. The company is based in Shanghai, was founded in 2014, and lists its legal name as Calterah Semiconductor Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. ASICs · AI Accelerators Series D over 10B yen (Dec 22, 2025)
- Broadcom Broadcom is a semiconductor and infrastructure software company. Its chip lines include custom AI accelerators it calls XPUs, Ethernet switching and routing silicon, and Ethernet network adapters, which are used in AI and cloud data centers. It also owns infrastructure software, notably VMware Cloud Foundation for private cloud. Broadcom is mostly fabless and names TSMC as a key manufacturing partner. It works with large cloud customers on custom chips and sells networking silicon to system builders. It is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. ASICs · AI Accelerators · Photonic Computing —
- XIXiphera Xiphera designs cryptographic intellectual property cores, which are pre-built security circuits that chip designers add to FPGAs and custom chips. Its portfolio includes the xQlave post-quantum family, meaning encryption meant to resist future quantum computers, plus hardware trust engines and network security protocol cores. The company says its cores are pure hardware with no hidden processor or software inside, which keeps behavior predictable and easier to certify. Xiphera was founded in July 2017 by Matti Tommiska and Kimmo Jarvinen and is based in Espoo, Finland. FPGAs · ASICs —
- SK Hynix SK hynix is a South Korean memory chipmaker that produces DRAM, NAND flash and high bandwidth memory (HBM). HBM is stacked DRAM placed next to AI accelerators, and the company has supplied HBM3 and HBM3E for NVIDIA GPUs. It makes its own memory and sells it to accelerator vendors, server makers and device manufacturers. The company traces its origins to Hyundai Electronics Industries, founded in 1983, and has been part of SK Group since 2012. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- Mobius Materials Mobius Materials runs an online marketplace where manufacturers buy and sell excess electronic components such as microchips. This is the spot market, where parts trade for immediate delivery rather than under long-term contracts, and it is often served by brokers. Mobius inspects parts at its warehouses and charges a flat fee on sales. It added a two week auction format in February 2026. The company was founded in 2020 by Margaret Upshur, who is chief executive. It started in Silicon Valley but is now headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, and closed a seed round led by Spero Ventures in December 2025. ASICs $3M Series Seed (Dec 2025, led by Spero Ventures)
- Renesas Electronics Renesas Electronics makes microcontrollers, system-on-chip products, analog and power devices, with a large presence in automotive and industrial markets and a growing range of edge AI processors. It began operating in April 2010 when NEC Electronics absorbed Renesas Technology and took the Renesas name. Renesas Technology had itself been formed in 2003 from the semiconductor divisions of Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. ASICs · AI Accelerators · Edge Computing —
- Ferric Ferric designs integrated voltage regulators, which are small power converters placed very close to a processor to deliver high current efficiently. Its Fe1766 is rated at 160 amps in a package of 8 by 4.4 millimeters, and other parts include the Fe1736 at 56 amps and the Fe1767 for vertical power delivery from beneath the chip. Ferric lists a New York address and holds ISO 9001 certification. Its regulators target AI processors and other power hungry chips that need more current in less board space. ASICs Series B (November 2024); total ~$41M
- Diodes Incorporated Diodes Incorporated designs and sells analog, discrete, power, logic and mixed-signal semiconductors. Its catalogue covers diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, LED drivers, voltage regulators and motor controllers, which are the supporting parts that manage power and signals around processors. It is a component supplier rather than a maker of compute chips. The company was founded in 1959 and is headquartered in Plano, Texas. It trades on Nasdaq, and Gary Yu became chief executive in May 2025. Past acquisitions include Zetex, Pericom and Lite-On Semiconductor. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- NSNavitas Semiconductor Navitas Semiconductor makes power semiconductors, including GaNFast gallium nitride power ICs and GeneSiC silicon carbide devices. These parts let power supplies and chargers run smaller and more efficiently, and they are aimed at uses such as AI data center power, mobile charging, solar and electric vehicles. The company is fabless and relies on foundry partners for manufacturing. Navitas is based in California, was founded in the early 2010s, and trades on Nasdaq under NVTS. ASICs · AI Accelerators $49.6M
- Ampleon Nijmegen-based maker of RF power transistors, with LDMOS and GaN-on-SiC products for cellular infrastructure, avionics and RF energy uses. It was spun out of NXP RF Power business in December 2015. Xichanweixin acquired it in 2022 for US$1.48B. ASICs · Analog Computing $1.48B acquisition (Xichanweixin, 2022)
- Alpha & Omega Semiconductor Alpha and Omega Semiconductor designs and supplies power semiconductors, including MOSFETs, power ICs, protection devices and silicon carbide MOSFETs. These parts regulate and convert power in computing, graphics, consumer, communications and industrial systems, including servers and AI hardware. The company was incorporated in 2000, has its headquarters in Sunnyvale, California, and trades on Nasdaq under AOSL. It has operations in several Asian countries as well as the United States. ASICs —
- SWSilicon Works (LX Semicon) Silicon Works is now known as LX Semicon, a South Korean fabless company. Fabless means it designs chips and relies on outside foundries to make them. Its main products are display driver ICs, the chips that send signals to each pixel of a screen, and it supplies panels used in televisions, phones and other displays. It is listed in Korea and belongs to the LX group. It sits in the display supply chain, so it is adjacent to compute hardware rather than a processor designer. The record name should reflect the rename to LX Semicon. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- InvenSense (TDK) InvenSense designs MEMS motion sensors, meaning microscopic mechanical structures etched in silicon that detect movement. Its products include gyroscopes, accelerometers and inertial measurement units, which combine several of these sensors to track orientation and motion in phones, wearables, vehicles and industrial equipment. It is a sensor supplier rather than a compute vendor. The company was founded in 2003 by Steve Nasiri and is based in San Jose, California. TDK acquired it in late 2016, and it now operates within TDK's MEMS sensors group. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Ceremorphic Ceremorphic is a San Jose company that develops silicon for energy efficient AI computing, drug design simulation and physical AI. Its technology list includes Flexmath processors that handle machine learning in layers, an optical interconnect called Scale-X, and a multi-thread processor designed for reliability. It packages these into systems it calls Datacenter-in-Box and Biocenter-in-Box. The company is led by founder and chief executive Venkat Mattela, has a design center in India, and reports more than 100 awarded patents. AI Accelerators · ASICs $100M+
- OIOzark Integrated Circuits Fayetteville, Arkansas company working with the University of Arkansas HiDEC center, making high-temperature electronics for harsh environments. Its XNode modules are rated for 200°C and above and serve aerospace, energy, industrial and space uses. It received a US$10.9M DARPA award in March 2024 for a pressure sensor module targeting 800°C and above. ASICs · Analog Computing —
- Akoustis Technologies Akoustis made radio-frequency filters, which are small components that let a phone or radio pick out one frequency band and reject the rest. Its main technology was bulk acoustic wave filtering, which uses sound waves in thin crystal layers to handle high frequencies used in 5G, Wi-Fi and defense equipment. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December 2024. In May 2025 Tune Holdings, a SpaceX subsidiary, bought substantially all of its assets for about $30.2 million in cash plus assumed liabilities, and said it would continue the operations. ASICs —
- SJ Semiconductor SJ Semiconductor is a Chinese provider of advanced chip packaging, the stage where finished silicon dies are joined and connected. It specialises in wafer-level and 2.5D packaging, in which several chips sit side by side on a silicon interposer, a technique widely used for AI accelerators. The company began in 2014 as a joint venture between SMIC and JCET and took its current name in 2021. It operates from Jiangyin in Wuxi, Jiangsu, and has pursued a listing on Shanghai's STAR Market. Custom Silicon · ASICs $700M (December 2024)
- SBSilicon Box Silicon Box is a Singapore company that runs a foundry for chiplet integration, which means joining several small chips into one package instead of making one large chip. Its approach works with very fine wiring dimensions, below 5 microns, to connect the chiplets closely. It operates a factory at 20 Tampines Industrial Avenue 3 in Singapore and has announced a development agreement for a site in Novara, Italy. Listed investors include UMC Capital, Intel Capital, Tata Electronics, TDK Ventures and EDBI. ASICs · Interconnect & Networking $200M+
- PSPragmatic Semiconductor Pragmatic Semiconductor makes flexible integrated circuits, called FlexICs, which are processors and other chips built on thin flexible substrates instead of rigid silicon wafers. This lets them be embedded in packaging, labels and everyday objects at low cost. The company is headquartered in Cambridge, UK, runs a 200mm plant in Sedgefield, and opened a 300mm fab at Pragmatic Park near Durham in March 2024. Its third-generation FlexIC platform targets mixed-signal custom chip designs. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V $400M+ total (Series D $231M led 2023; further to >$400M by 2025)