Technology
Custom Silicon
Bespoke chip designs created by tech companies for their specific hardware and software ecosystems.
206 companies
Explainer
Custom Silicon explained
Custom silicon means a company designs its own chips for its own products or data centers instead of buying standard parts. The chip is made by a foundry such as TSMC, but the design belongs to the customer.
Well-known examples include Apple's M-series and A-series chips, Amazon's Graviton, Trainium and Inferentia, Google's TPU and Axion, and Microsoft's Maia and Cobalt. Companies such as Broadcom, Marvell and Alchip offer design services to firms that do not do the whole job themselves.
How it differs from the usual approach
A standard chip is made for many customers, so it is general. A custom chip is tuned to one company's software, which can improve efficiency and cost and reduce dependence on a supplier. The price is a large engineering team, years of lead time and the risk that the design misses its target. This is why custom silicon is used mainly by very large buyers.
Where it is used
- Cloud providers designing server CPUs and AI accelerators for their own data centers.
- Phone and laptop makers designing their own system-on-chip.
- Car makers designing driver-assistance computers.
- Network and storage vendors building dedicated controllers.
- AI labs commissioning chips for their own models.
What to watch
- Apple moved the Mac line from Intel to its own chips beginning with the M1 in November 2020.
- Microsoft announced its Maia AI accelerator and Cobalt CPU in November 2023.
- Large AI developers have been reported to explore their own chips to reduce reliance on a single supplier.
- Chiplets and standard interfaces make custom designs cheaper by reusing existing parts.
Frequently asked questions
Why do companies design their own chips?
To fit the chip to their own software, lower cost at large scale, improve energy efficiency and avoid depending on one supplier. It only pays off at high volumes.
Do these companies manufacture the chips themselves?
Usually not. They design the chip and a foundry, most often TSMC, makes it. Design partners may help with the physical layout.
What is the difference between custom silicon and an ASIC?
Custom silicon describes who the chip is for: a single company. An ASIC describes what it is: fixed-function hardware. A custom chip for a cloud provider is often both.
- OLOxmiq Labs Oxmiq Labs licenses graphics processor designs and software rather than selling its own chips. Its OxCore architecture is a GPU built on the open RISC-V instruction set, OxQuilt combines compute and memory chiplets in one package, and OXPython aims to run existing CUDA and PyTorch code on other hardware without changes. The company was founded by Raja Koduri, a former chief architect at Intel. Its first outside investor was MediaTek, which took part in a seed round announced in 2025. GPUs · Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators $20M seed (Aug 2025, MediaTek participated)
- MSMaieutic Semiconductor Maieutic Semiconductor is a Bengaluru startup building a generative AI copilot for analog chip design. Analog circuits process continuous signals such as radio and sensor readings, and their design depends heavily on engineers' experience and manual iteration. Maieutic's tool uses a model trained on semiconductor design knowledge to automate early-stage design work and shorten design cycles. It was founded in 2025 by Gireesh Rajendran, Ashish Lachhwani, Rakesh Kumar and Krishna Sankar, some of whom earlier founded the radar chip company Steradian Semiconductors. Custom Silicon $6M seed (UTEC, Endiya, Exfinity)
- AMApplied Materials Applied Materials makes the machines and software that chip factories use to manufacture semiconductors. Its equipment covers deposition, which lays down thin films on a wafer, along with etch, ion implantation, chemical-mechanical planarization and metrology and inspection. It also supplies equipment for displays. It does not make chips itself and sells to chipmakers and foundries instead. The company was founded in 1967, went public in 1972 and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. Custom Silicon —
- TDTesla Dojo Dojo was Tesla's in-house supercomputer for training the neural networks behind its driver assistance software from video data. Its D1 chip, shown at AI Day in August 2021, was made by TSMC on a 7nm process and was tiled into large training units with fast links between chips instead of relying on conventional server designs. Dojo went into production use in 2023. Bloomberg reported in August 2025 that the project had been disbanded, and sources differ on whether it later restarted. Tesla is headquartered in Austin, Texas. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon —
- eMemory Technology eMemory Technology is a Taiwanese company that licenses embedded non-volatile memory IP. This is memory built into a processor or controller chip that keeps its contents when power is removed, and it is used to hold settings, keys and code. The company supplies the design to foundries and chip makers instead of making chips itself, and it also offers security features built on that memory. It is based in Hsinchu, Taiwan, according to the company record, though this could not be confirmed against the company website. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- TETDK Electronics This record is best read as the TDK group instead of one company. TDK Corporation, headquartered in Tokyo and founded in 1935 to make ferrite magnetic material, makes passive components, sensors and magnetic products. TDK Electronics AG, formerly EPCOS and based in Munich, is a separate German subsidiary that makes capacitors, inductors, filters and ferrites. The group acquired the sensor maker InvenSense in 2017. These are components used inside computers and phones rather than compute processors. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- NENexperia Nexperia makes high-volume discrete semiconductors, including diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, ESD protection devices and logic chips. These are simple, single-purpose parts used throughout cars, industrial equipment and consumer electronics, rather than processors. It was formed in 2017 from the standard products unit of NXP Semiconductors, whose roots lie in Philips, and is based in Nijmegen in the Netherlands. Its owner is Wingtech Technology of China. In October 2025 the Dutch government used emergency powers to take control of its governance, and suspended that order in November 2025. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Elmos Semiconductor Elmos Semiconductor is a German chip company headquartered in Dortmund that designs integrated circuits mainly for cars. Its products include chips for sensors, motor control and lighting, and mixed-signal ASICs, which are custom chips combining analog and digital circuits for a specific customer. The company has moved to a fabless model, meaning it relies on outside foundries for manufacturing. Its focus is vehicle electronics, so it is an automotive chip supplier and not a developer of general purpose or AI processors. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Rapidus Rapidus is a Japanese semiconductor foundry, meaning it manufactures chips designed by other companies. It was founded in 2022 and licensed its 2 nanometre process technology from IBM. The process uses gate-all-around transistors, in which the gate surrounds the channel on all sides for tighter control of current. Its first fab, IIM-1, is in Chitose, Hokkaido, and the company reported working 2 nanometre transistors in July 2025. In April 2026 it said it was on track to begin mass production in the second half of 2027. Custom Silicon ¥267.6B (~$1.7B) JP gov+private (Feb 2026)
- II-VI/Finisar (now Coherent) Coherent Corp. was known as II-VI Incorporated until it took the name of laser maker Coherent, Inc. after acquiring it in 2022. It makes optical materials, lasers and semiconductors, including vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and silicon carbide substrates. It also owns the Finisar optical business bought in 2019, which supplies optical components for data networks. Carl Johnson and James Hawkey founded the company in 1971, and it is headquartered in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania and listed on the NYSE as COHR. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon —
- Cohu Inc. Cohu supplies equipment used to test semiconductors after they are made. Its products include test handlers, which move chips into and out of testers, along with test contactors and inspection systems. This sits at the back end of manufacturing, where each chip is checked before it ships. Cohu has also added software that analyses test data, including through its purchase of the AI analytics firm Tignis, which feeds its DI-Core platform. It is headquartered in Poway, California, and sells to chipmakers and test subcontractors. Custom Silicon —
- Altium Altium makes software that engineers use to design printed circuit boards, the boards that connect chips and other components inside electronic devices. Its products include Altium Designer and the cloud platform Altium 365, which let teams lay out circuits, manage parts and share designs. It sells tools rather than hardware, so it sits upstream of the compute industry. Altium began in 1985 as Protel Systems in Australia and is now headquartered in the San Diego area. Renesas Electronics completed its acquisition in August 2024, and Altium is now a Renesas subsidiary. Custom Silicon —
- DSDenseLight Semiconductors DenseLight Semiconductors makes photonic components, which are chips that generate and handle light, for sensing and for datacom and telecom links. Its range includes superluminescent LED (SLED) modules, which emit broad-spectrum light used in optical sensing, along with distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, semiconductor optical amplifiers and gain chips. It also offers silicon photonics integration under its DPhi hybrid integration technology. The company operates as DenseLight Semiconductors Pte Ltd, a Singapore private limited company, with its address at Changi North Street 2. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon —
- Phison Electronics Phison Electronics designs controllers for NAND flash memory, along with firmware and storage products built around them. Its controllers are used in USB flash drives, memory cards and solid-state drives, and the company says it is the largest independent NAND controller supplier. Because it is fabless and independent of any flash maker, drive vendors can pair its controllers with NAND from several suppliers. Phison was founded in 2000 by K.S. Pua and others, and is headquartered in Miaoli, Taiwan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- LILittelfuse Littelfuse is best known for circuit protection, chiefly fuses that cut power when current becomes unsafe. It also sells switches, sensors, power semiconductors and, through its Zilog subsidiary, microcontrollers. Its products are supporting components in automotive, industrial and electronics equipment rather than compute processors. Edward V. Sundt founded it in 1927, and it is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company is listed on Nasdaq and has expanded through acquisitions including Hamlin in 2013 and IXYS in 2017. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- SemiDrive SemiDrive designs automotive-grade chips, including smart cockpit processors for in-car displays and infotainment, gateway processors that route data between vehicle systems, and microcontrollers for vehicle control. It also sells chips for robotics and industrial use. Its customers include Chinese carmakers such as SAIC, Chery and Changan, as well as Nissan, Honda and Volkswagen. The company was founded in 2018 and opened its global headquarters in Beijing's economic development area in 2024, after earlier operations centred on Nanjing. Edge Computing · Custom Silicon Series B-III round (total $504M raised)
- ONonsemi onsemi, formerly ON Semiconductor, supplies power and sensing semiconductors for automotive, industrial, energy and cloud infrastructure systems. Its EliteSiC line of silicon carbide devices sits alongside image sensors and analog products. In compute, its power devices help deliver and convert electricity inside data centers and electric vehicles rather than performing the processing itself. The company traces its origin to a 1999 spin-off from Motorola's semiconductor business and has its headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- QOQorvo Qorvo designs radio-frequency (RF) semiconductors, including amplifiers, filters and switches that let phones and other wireless devices send and receive signals. It also makes connectivity, gallium nitride RF and silicon carbide power products for markets such as defense, automotive and industrial equipment. Qorvo was created on 1 January 2015 through the merger of TriQuint Semiconductor and RF Micro Devices and is based in Greensboro, North Carolina. In October 2025 it agreed to combine with Skyworks Solutions in a cash and stock deal. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Codasip Codasip develops RISC-V processor IP, meaning licensable processor designs that chipmakers build into their own products. It also offers Codasip Studio, a toolset for customising processors using its CodAL description language, and CHERI memory protection technology aimed at silicon security. Its markets include automotive, industrial, defense and IoT. The company was founded in 2014 by Karel Masarik and is privately held. In July 2025 its board started an expedited process to sell the company. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Rambus Rambus develops memory interface technology, the circuits and protocols that move data between processors and memory. It licenses designs such as memory controllers and PHYs, the physical layer circuits that drive the signal wires, and it also sells memory interface chips for server modules. Its early RDRAM memory was used in the Nintendo 64 console. Rambus was founded in March 1990 by Mike Farmwald and Mark Horowitz and is headquartered in San Jose, California. It also offers security IP that protects chips from tampering. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- WEWinbond Electronics Winbond Electronics is a Taiwanese memory chip maker that sells specialty DRAM, which is memory made in modest volumes for embedded and industrial products rather than for PCs and phones, and NOR flash, a type of memory that stores code and lets a processor run it directly from the chip. It operates its own wafer fabrication, so it designs and manufactures its parts. It is a memory supplier, not a maker of processors or systems. The company was founded in 1987 and is headquartered in Taichung, Taiwan, and its shares trade on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- T-Head (Alibaba) Chip unit of Alibaba Group, set up in September 2018. Its CPU line includes the XuanTie RISC-V cores (XuanTie 910 in July 2019; the server-class C930 announced February 2025, with RVA23 compatibility and licensing to chip developers) and the Arm-based Yitian 710 cloud chip (October 2021). It also makes AI chips. CPUs & RISC-V · Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- Nuvoton Technology Nuvoton Technology designs microcontrollers, including Arm Cortex-M and 8051 families, along with mixed-signal, audio and baseboard management controller chips used in servers and embedded products. It was split off from Winbond Electronics in 2008, with Winbond keeping the memory business, and listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange in September 2010. Nuvoton is a fabless-style supplier of control silicon that sits beside the main processors in computing systems. The company is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- KCKnowles Corporation Knowles Corporation, based in Itasca, Illinois, makes precision components for hearing, medical, industrial and consumer devices. Its range includes balanced armature speakers, which are tiny electromagnetic drivers used in hearing aids and earbuds, along with specialty microphones, capacitors and RF filters. Unlike chipmakers that sell general processors, it focuses on small acoustic and passive parts. It sold its consumer MEMS microphone business to Syntiant, a deal that closed on 30 December 2024, and kept its other product lines. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- X-FAB X-FAB is a foundry group that manufactures analog and mixed-signal chips for other companies, which means chips that handle real-world signals such as voltage, sound and sensor readings alongside digital logic. It also offers MEMS (tiny mechanical sensors) and high-voltage processes, aimed at automotive, industrial and medical customers. The holding company X-FAB Silicon Foundries SE is registered in Tessenderlo, Belgium, with operational headquarters in Erfurt, Germany. It was formed from the privatised East German microelectronics combine in 1992 and trades on Euronext Paris. Custom Silicon —
- ATAT&S Austrian maker of high-end IC substrates and PCBs with plants in Leoben, Austria and Kulim, Malaysia. In June 2026 it announced agreements with AMD and another customer to expand Kulim substrate capacity with EUR 1.5 to 2.0 billion of investment, and raised its fiscal 2026/27 growth outlook to 45 to 55%. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- ESEuropean Semiconductor Manufacturing Company European Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or ESMC, is a joint venture to build a chip fab in Dresden, Germany. TSMC leads the project, with Bosch, Infineon and NXP as partners. A fab is a factory that makes chips for other companies, and this one is aimed at automotive and industrial customers rather than leading edge AI processors. It is a new venture and was founded in 2024. Details such as production timing and investment are still evolving, so readers should check current announcements. Custom Silicon —
- Keysight Technologies Keysight Technologies makes electronic test and measurement equipment rather than computing hardware. Its products include oscilloscopes, signal analyzers, network and semiconductor test systems, and electronic design automation software, which engineers use to check chips, networks and data center equipment. It was formed in 2014 as a spin-off of Agilent Technologies, and it is headquartered in Santa Rosa, California. Its shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker KEYS. Custom Silicon —
- SUSunway Sunway is a family of Chinese processors, not a standalone company, used in supercomputers built by the National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology and run at the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi. The SW26010 chip has 256 small compute cores plus four management cores, a many-core design that favours raw parallel throughput over single-thread speed. It powers the Sunway TaihuLight system, which uses 40,960 of them. The processors were developed by the Jiangnan Computing Lab in Wuxi, mainly for Chinese government and military use. Custom Silicon · ASICs · HPC & AI Systems —
- Deca Technologies Tempe, Arizona developer of M-Series fan-out wafer-level packaging with Adaptive Patterning for chiplet and heterogeneous integration. In March 2024 Arizona State University set up a Center for Advanced Wafer-Level Packaging with Deca, backed by the Department of Defense Microelectronics Commons. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- ABAbsolics Covington, Georgia glass-core substrate maker, a subsidiary of SKC (70.05%) with Applied Materials holding the rest, backed by a $75 million CHIPS Act grant. Samples were in package-level reliability evaluation in Taiwan in mid-2026 and SKC announced a KRW 401.1 billion capital increase on 21 August 2026; commercial volume production had not been confirmed. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon KRW 401.1B parent capital increase, Aug 2026
- BSBE Semiconductor Industries BE Semiconductor Industries, known as Besi, is a Dutch maker of assembly equipment used to package chips. Its machines attach dies, the individual chips cut from a wafer, onto substrates or onto each other. It is active in hybrid bonding, which joins chips with direct copper connections instead of solder bumps and is used to stack chips for AI and high bandwidth memory. Besi is based in Duiven in the Netherlands and sells to chipmakers and packaging firms. It supplies equipment and does not design chips. Custom Silicon —
- Novatek Microelectronics Novatek Microelectronics is a Taiwanese fabless chip company, meaning it designs chips and uses outside foundries to make them. It is best known for display driver ICs, the chips that tell each pixel in a screen what colour to show, and also makes system-on-chip processors for televisions and related devices. It is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Founding date and ownership details could not be independently confirmed from the sources checked. It is unrelated to the Russian gas producer of the same name. Custom Silicon —
- ETEmpyrean Technology Empyrean Technology makes electronic design automation (EDA) software, the programs engineers use to design and check chips before they are manufactured. Its tools cover analog and digital design and verification, and it is described as the largest Chinese domestic EDA supplier. The company was founded in 2009 by Liu Weiping, is headquartered in Beijing, and has been listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 2022. It is partly state-owned, with China Electronics Corporation among its shareholders. Custom Silicon —
- I(Inphi (now Marvell) Inphi designed high-speed chips that move data between servers, switches and optical links in data centers and telecom networks. It was not a processor maker, and its parts sat in the interconnect layer between compute and the network. Marvell completed its acquisition of Inphi on April 20, 2021, paying $66 in cash plus 2.323 Marvell shares for each Inphi share. The company no longer operates independently, and its products and brand have been folded into Marvell's data infrastructure and optical portfolio, so this record is best read as a historical entry. Custom Silicon · Photonic Computing —
- ASM International ASM International makes the machines that deposit very thin films onto silicon wafers during chip manufacturing. It is best known for atomic layer deposition, which builds a film one atomic layer at a time for precise thickness control, and for epitaxy, which grows a crystalline silicon layer on a wafer. These steps matter for advanced logic and memory chips. The company is headquartered in Almere in the Netherlands and is listed on Euronext Amsterdam. It traces its origins to 1964 and was incorporated in 1968. It once held stakes that grew into ASML and ASMPT. Custom Silicon —
- MEMelexis Melexis is a Belgian company that designs sensor and driver chips, mainly for cars. Its parts include magnetic position sensors, which detect movement without touching, and chips that drive motors and lighting. It is a fabless designer, meaning other firms make its silicon. Its products are embedded systems components rather than computing processors. The company is headquartered in Ieper, Belgium, and its shares are listed on Euronext Brussels. Founding year and wafer sourcing details were not confirmed against a primary source in this review. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Edge Computing —
- Nikon Precision This record covers the semiconductor lithography business of Nikon, the Japanese optics group. Lithography machines project circuit patterns onto silicon wafers, and Nikon makes steppers and scanners that use deep ultraviolet light. Nikon introduced Japan's first commercial LSI stepper in 1980 and now competes with ASML and Canon. Nikon Precision Inc. is the name of its United States subsidiary, so the record may be a mix of the business and that subsidiary. The parent company was founded in 1917 as Nippon Kogaku and is headquartered in Tokyo. Custom Silicon —
- M(Meta (MTIA) MTIA, the Meta Training and Inference Accelerator, is a family of custom chips that Meta designs in-house for its own AI workloads. The first generations were built mainly to run the ranking and recommendation models that order content across its apps, and Meta has said it is extending the chips to generative AI. Early generations are made by TSMC. In March 2026 Meta set out a roadmap of four further MTIA chips. The programme sits inside Meta Platforms, which is headquartered in Menlo Park, California. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- Lasertec Lasertec makes inspection and measurement equipment used in chip manufacturing, especially for EUV photomasks. A photomask is the stencil that prints circuit patterns onto wafers, and EUV masks use extreme ultraviolet light, so a single defect can ruin many chips. It is a tool supplier, not a chip maker. In 2017 it unveiled an EUV mask inspection system that it says was the first offered commercially. The company was founded in 1960 as Tokyo ITV Laboratory, initially building X-ray cameras, and is headquartered in Yokohama. Custom Silicon —
- Actions Semiconductor Actions Semiconductor was a fabless chip designer, meaning it designed chips and left manufacturing to foundries, based in Zhuhai, China. Its original business was system-on-chip designs for tablets, media players and set-top boxes, and it was listed on Nasdaq until a merger with Starman Limited completed in December 2016. The audio chip business described today, covering Bluetooth audio, smart wearables and edge AI processors, is run by Actions Technology Co., Ltd., also headquartered in Zhuhai and listed on Shanghai's STAR market. This record may mix the two entities. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- M(Microsoft (Azure Maia) Maia is a line of AI accelerator chips designed by Microsoft for its own Azure cloud, rather than for sale to others. Maia 200, announced on 26 January 2026, is aimed at inference, which means running trained models to produce answers rather than training them. It is built on TSMC's 3-nanometre process. Microsoft says it serves models including OpenAI's GPT-5.2 for Microsoft Foundry and Microsoft 365 Copilot, and that it first went live in the US Central datacenter region near Des Moines, Iowa. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- SISiPearl SiPearl designs high-performance computing processors in Europe. Its first product, Rhea1, is an Arm-based CPU with 80 Neoverse V1 cores, each with SVE vector units that apply one instruction to many numbers at once, plus HBM memory stacks placed in the same package for high bandwidth. It is manufactured on TSMC's N6 process. SiPearl was established in 2019 with European Union funding through the European Processor Initiative. Rhea1 is intended for the CPU cluster of Jupiter, Europe's first exascale supercomputer, at Forschungszentrum Julich in Germany. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V €130M Series A closed (July 2025)
- Murata Manufacturing Murata Manufacturing makes electronic components rather than complete chips, mainly ceramic capacitors that store and smooth electrical charge on circuit boards. Its range also covers inductors, radio-frequency filters, wireless modules including Bluetooth, sensors and power supplies, which go into phones, cars and computing equipment. Akira Murata started the business in Kyoto in October 1944, and it became Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. in December 1950. The company is headquartered in Nagaokakyo, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Western Digital Western Digital makes hard disk drives and storage systems, covering data center drives under the Ultrastar name and consumer lines such as WD Blue, WD Red and My Passport. It was founded in April 1970 in Newport Beach, California, and is headquartered in San Jose. On February 24, 2025 it spun off its flash memory business as Sandisk, leaving Western Digital focused solely on hard disk drives. It is a storage supplier rather than a processor maker, and its drives hold the large datasets that AI and cloud compute systems read from. Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- Samsung Foundry Samsung Foundry is the contract chip manufacturing business of Samsung Electronics, making chips designed by other companies. It offers FinFET processes down to 4nm and a 3nm process using gate-all-around (GAA) transistors, a design in which the gate surrounds the channel on all sides to control current more tightly than older fin-shaped transistors. It also provides 2.5D and 3D packaging and a design support program called SAFE. Samsung Electronics lists a 2nm process as reaching mass production in 2025. The parent company is based in Suwon, South Korea. Custom Silicon —
- Power Integrations Power Integrations designs high-voltage integrated circuits for power conversion, the step that turns mains electricity into the lower, steady voltages electronic devices need. Its range includes gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, a material that switches faster and wastes less heat than silicon, along with converter ICs and IGBT gate drivers, which control large power switches. It does not build processors itself, but its parts supply power to computing and consumer equipment. The company was founded in 1988 and is based in San Jose, California. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- GlobalFoundries GlobalFoundries is a contract chip manufacturer, or foundry, which makes chips designed by other companies rather than selling its own. It focuses on specialty processes such as FD-SOI, embedded MRAM and silicon photonics rather than the smallest leading-edge nodes. It was created in 2009 when AMD divested its manufacturing arm, and it listed on Nasdaq in 2021. The Mubadala Investment Company, a sovereign wealth fund of the United Arab Emirates, owns about 82 percent. Its headquarters is in Malta, New York, beside its main US fab, and it also operates plants in Dresden and Singapore. Custom Silicon · Photonic Computing · Interconnect & Networking —
- Delta Electronics Delta Electronics is a Taiwanese maker of power supplies, power conversion equipment and thermal management products. For data centers it supplies server and rack power systems, fans, cold plates and vapor chambers, so it serves the power and cooling side of AI compute. Founded on 4 April 1971 by Bruce Cheng, it started with television coils and moved into switching power supplies in 1983. The company is headquartered in Taipei and listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under the code 2308. Custom Silicon —
- Silergy Silergy designs power management integrated circuits, the chips that regulate and convert voltage inside electronic devices. It was founded in February 2008 by Silicon Valley veterans Chen Wei, You Budong and Michael Grimm, starting in Santa Clara and later setting up in Hangzhou, China. The company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and has been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under ticker 6415 since its IPO in December 2013. It supplies supporting power silicon rather than processors. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- CTChipMOS Technologies ChipMOS is a Taiwanese outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) company, meaning it packages and tests chips designed by other firms. The record describes its business as centered on memory and display driver chips, the circuits that control screen pixels, though this entry could not confirm that from a company source. The record lists its headquarters as Hsinchu and its founding as 1997, but neither figure was verified. It is a back-end service provider and does not design its own processors. Custom Silicon —
- Qualcomm Qualcomm designs wireless and computing chips and licenses wireless patents. Its chip business (QCT) sells Snapdragon processors, modems and connectivity products for smartphones, automotive systems and IoT devices, while its licensing business (QTL) covers 3G, 4G and 5G technology. Qualcomm is fabless, so outside foundries manufacture its chips. It supplies phone makers, carmakers and device makers rather than selling to consumers directly. The company was incorporated in 1985 and is based in San Diego, California. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · Edge Computing —
- AGNIT Semiconductors AGNIT Semiconductors describes itself as a fab-lite gallium nitride company, meaning it designs and develops the process but relies on partners for some manufacturing. Gallium nitride is a material that handles high power and high frequency better than silicon, which suits radio frequency parts for telecom and strategic uses. It sells GaN wafers, RF components and modules. Its headquarters is at the Innovation Centre at the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru. Analog Computing · Custom Silicon $2.6M seed extension (March 2026, 3one4 Capital)
- RIRicursive Intelligence Uses AI to design semiconductor chips (built on AlphaChip). Recursive loop: AI designs better chips → chips train stronger AI. Targets compressing chip design from years to weeks. Founded by Dr. Anna Goldie and Dr. Azalia Mirhoseini (AlphaChip co-creators, ex-Google Brain). $335M raised ($300M Series A at $4B val, Feb 2026, Lightspeed + NVIDIA NVentures). Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators $35M seed (Dec 2025, Sequoia); $300M Series A at $4B valuation (early 2026); $335M total
- Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductors This record covers the semiconductor and device business of Mitsubishi Electric, a large Japanese industrial group, rather than a separate company. It makes power modules, including silicon carbide and IGBT types that switch high currents in trains, vehicles and factories, plus optical communication devices, laser diodes and high-frequency chips. These are power and communications parts, not compute processors. Mitsubishi Electric was founded in Tokyo in 1921 and holds a 25.05 percent stake in Renesas Electronics according to its Wikipedia entry. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- AWS Trainium/Inferentia Trainium and Inferentia are custom AI accelerators designed by Amazon Web Services for training and inference, offered as cloud instances and supported by the AWS Neuron software stack. They come from AWS's in-house silicon effort, which grew from its 2015 acquisition of the Israeli chip designer Annapurna Labs and also produced the Nitro and Graviton chips. Trainium2 powers Project Rainier, which AWS built for Anthropic. AWS positions the chips as an alternative to merchant GPUs. AI Accelerators · ASICs · TPUs —
- ASML ASML designs and builds lithography machines, the equipment chipmakers use to print circuit patterns onto silicon wafers. Its product range covers EUV and DUV lithography systems, metrology and inspection tools, and computational lithography software. It sells to chip manufacturers and does not make chips itself, so it sits upstream of foundries and memory makers in the supply chain. ASML was founded in 1984, has its global headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, and reports more than 44,000 employees. Custom Silicon —
- RIRivos Rivos was a Santa Clara startup that designed data center processors and AI accelerators on RISC-V, an open instruction set that any company can use without paying a licence fee. Its work covered both the CPU and the accelerator side of server chips. Meta confirmed in October 2025 that it had acquired the company, with terms undisclosed, to support its in-house chip program for AI. Rivos was founded in 2021 and no longer operates as an independent company. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V $2B valuation (acquired)
- Hesai Group Hesai makes lidar sensors, which measure distance by firing laser pulses and timing the reflections to build a three-dimensional map of surroundings. They are used in driver-assistance systems, robotaxis, robots and industrial equipment. Hesai was founded in 2014 by Li Yifan, Sun Kai and Xiang Shaoqing, and is headquartered in Shanghai. It is listed on the Nasdaq as HSAI and in Hong Kong as 2525. Customers include Li Auto, Aurora Innovation and Pony.ai. Lidar is a sensor business rather than a computing one. Edge Computing · Custom Silicon —
- Global Unichip (GUC) Taiwanese ASIC design-service company, a TSMC affiliate, that sells die-to-die and memory interface IP. It offers UCIe/GLink-3D 2.0 for 3D stacking and taped out HBM4 PHY IP on TSMC N3P in April 2025, demonstrating a 12 Gbps HBM4 platform on 3nm with CoWoS in April 2026. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- KFKey Foundry Key Foundry, now operating as SK keyfoundry, is a South Korean contract chip manufacturer based in Cheongju. A foundry fabricates chips designed by other companies. It works on 8-inch wafers, an older and smaller format than the 12-inch wafers used for leading processors, and serves power management chips, display driver chips and microcontrollers. It is owned by SK hynix, the memory maker. The business is mature-node manufacturing for everyday electronics rather than cutting-edge compute silicon. Custom Silicon —
- Northrop Grumman Electronics Northrop Grumman is a large US defense contractor, and this record covers only its microelectronics activity, which sits in the Mission Systems segment based in Linthicum, Maryland. Mission Systems makes radar, sensors and microelectronics including semiconductor chips for military use. The wider company was formed in 1994 when Northrop acquired Grumman, with the Northrop name dating to 1939. It is headquartered in West Falls Church, Virginia, and about 87 percent of its 2024 revenue came from the US federal government. It is not a merchant chip vendor. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- NAURA Technology NAURA makes the machines used to build chips rather than the chips themselves. Its semiconductor lines include plasma etching, physical and chemical vapor deposition, oxidation and diffusion furnaces, cleaning and annealing tools, and it also sells vacuum equipment, lithium battery equipment and electronic components. It began in 2001 as Beijing Sevenstar Electronics, initiated by a state-owned Beijing holding company, and took the NAURA name in 2017. It is headquartered in Beijing, listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and described as China's largest chip equipment maker. Custom Silicon —
- HIHygon Information Technology Hygon designs x86 server processors and the DCU, a data-centre accelerator for AI and scientific computing. Its Dhyana CPUs derive from AMD's first-generation Zen design, which AMD licensed to a joint venture with Hygon in 2016, so they run standard x86 software while being sold for the Chinese market. Hygon began in October 2014 as Tianjin Haiguang Advanced Technology Investment and is now headquartered in Beijing. The US added it to the Entity List in June 2019, which restricts access to American technology. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- PSPanasonic Semiconductor Solutions This record describes a business that no longer belongs to Panasonic. Panasonic Semiconductor Solutions was sold to Nuvoton Technology of Taiwan in an all-cash deal completed in September 2020, reportedly worth $250 million. The unit made microcontrollers, image sensors, power management chips and LED drivers for automotive and industrial use. A microcontroller is a small processor that runs embedded equipment. Nuvoton is itself based in Hsinchu, Taiwan, and the Japanese business now operates under Nuvoton. The Panasonic name and 1918 founding date describe the former parent. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Archer Materials Archer Materials is an Australian company developing a carbon-based quantum chip called 12CQ, which it aims to operate at room temperature, along with a biochip for medical diagnostics. The existing record sits outside this directory's scope, since 12CQ is a quantum computing effort and the site excludes quantum. It has partnered with GlobalFoundries on fabrication work. Archer is listed on the ASX as AXE and is based in Adelaide, South Australia. Quantum Computing · Custom Silicon —
- CECEITEC CEITEC is a Brazilian federal government-owned company set up by decree in 2008 to build up domestic chip design and manufacturing. It is based in Porto Alegre. Its first commercial product was an RFID chip, a small radio-tagged chip that identifies items without contact, embedded in ear tags for cattle. It has also made chips for vehicle data and blood bag tracking. The government began liquidating the company in 2021 and the new government suspended that process in January 2023. Its present status should be checked. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- ATASE Technology Holding ASE Technology Holding is the parent group of Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, an outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) provider. An OSAT takes finished wafers from chip designers and foundries, then packages and tests them. ASE offers flip chip, fan-out wafer-level, 2.5D and 3D packaging and system-in-package, and Gartner has ranked it the largest OSAT. Brothers Jason and Richard Chang founded it in 1984 in Kaohsiung, where it is still headquartered. The group also includes Siliconware Precision Industries, which it agreed to join in a 2016 holding company deal. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Fuji Electric Fuji Electric is a Japanese industrial equipment group, and its semiconductor operation is only one division. Beyond chips, it makes power systems, inverters, motors, pumps, controllers, measurement instruments and vending machines. Its semiconductor line covers power devices such as IGBTs, which are transistors that switch high currents in motor drives and power supplies. The company was founded in 1923 through a tie-up between Furukawa Electric and Siemens, and its name combines parts of both. It is listed in Tokyo and headquartered in Ōsaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- JCET Group JCET Group is a Chinese outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) company, which packages and tests chips on behalf of chip designers and foundries. It serves markets such as mobile, automotive and computing and offers advanced packaging alongside conventional formats. The record lists its headquarters as Wuxi and its founding as 1972, but this entry could not verify either figure, the ranking as third largest, or details of its ownership and acquisitions from sources checked, so those are left out. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Sanan Integrated Circuit Sanan Integrated Circuit is a compound semiconductor foundry, meaning it manufactures chips for other companies to designs they supply. Its processes use gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, silicon carbide and indium phosphide rather than plain silicon, which suits radio frequency, power and optical parts. It is a subsidiary of the LED chip maker Sanan Optoelectronics. The company was founded in 2014 and is based in Xiamen in China's Fujian province. It is not a maker of computing processors. Custom Silicon —
- SCREEN Holdings SCREEN Holdings is a Japanese equipment group whose largest business is semiconductor manufacturing equipment, notably wafer cleaning systems and coater-developers. A coater-developer applies light-sensitive resist to a wafer and develops it after exposure in a lithography machine. The group also makes equipment for flat panel displays, printed circuit boards and printing. As a holding company it covers several business lines, not one product. It was founded in 1943 as Dainippon Screen Mfg. and adopted the SCREEN Holdings name in 2014. It is headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. Custom Silicon —
- MTMindgrove Technologies Mindgrove Technologies is a fabless chip company based in Chennai, meaning it designs chips but does not make them. It was founded in 2021 and was incubated at IIT Madras. Its chips build on the Shakti processor, an open-source RISC-V design from IIT Madras, where RISC-V is a freely licensable instruction set. Its Secure IoT chip, launched in May 2024, runs at 700 MHz and includes an AES-256 accelerator, one-time programmable memory and a hardware random number generator. It targets wearables, smart meters and connected home devices. Edge Computing · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V $8M Series A (December 2024)
- Bosch Semiconductors This record covers the semiconductor business of Robert Bosch GmbH, a German engineering and technology group, rather than a separate company. The business develops and makes chips for vehicles and other products, including MEMS sensors (tiny mechanical sensing structures built on silicon) and power devices. In 2023 Bosch acquired TSI Semiconductors, a California maker of silicon carbide power devices. The Bosch group was founded in Stuttgart on 15 November 1886 and is 94 percent owned by the charitable Robert Bosch Stiftung. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- COCornami Cornami builds chips and software for running computation on encrypted data using fully homomorphic encryption, a method that lets a system process information without ever decrypting it. Its Tigris processor is made on a 16 nm process and uses many small reconfigurable cores that the company calls FracTLcores. The MX64 rack-scale system combines 32 Tigris chips. Cornami announced work with DESILO on encrypted matrix arithmetic in November 2025. Its website gives its headquarters as Santa Clara, California. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon —
- BluGlass BluGlass develops gallium nitride laser diodes using its proprietary remote plasma chemical vapour deposition process, which grows crystal layers at lower temperatures than conventional methods. It sells lasers for industrial, defense, quantum, biotech and scientific uses, and also offers foundry services. Its link to compute is as a source of compound semiconductor lasers rather than processors. The company is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as BLG and has its head office in Silverwater, Sydney. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon —
- Substrate Inc Substrate is a San Francisco startup developing X-ray lithography, a method of printing circuit patterns onto silicon wafers using X-rays rather than the extreme ultraviolet light used by ASML's machines. It plans to generate the X-rays with a compact particle accelerator and says this could pattern chips at 2 nm class dimensions and lower the cost of leading-edge wafers. These are company claims and little technical detail has been published. James Proud is the chief executive, and In-Q-Tel, General Catalyst and Founders Fund are reported backers. Custom Silicon $100M Series A (Oct 2025) at $1B+ valuation
- VeriSilicon VeriSilicon runs what it calls a silicon platform as a service model, which lets customers outsource much of the work of making a custom chip. It offers chip design services, volume production services that manage manufacturing, and licensable IP such as processor and graphics blocks. This makes it closer to a design partner than to a chip vendor, because customers own the finished product. The company is based in Shanghai and is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange under code 688521. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · GPUs —
- SWSino Wealth Electronic Sino Wealth Electronic is a Chinese fabless chip company, meaning it designs integrated circuits and leaves manufacturing to foundries. Its products are microcontrollers, which are small chips that run the control logic in appliances, along with display driver chips and power management ICs for consumer electronics and home appliances. It sits in the low-cost embedded segment rather than high-performance computing. Its listing details, founding year and headquarters could not be confirmed for this entry and should be checked against company filings before being relied on. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Rohde & Schwarz Rohde & Schwarz is a German maker of electronic test and measurement equipment, including oscilloscopes, signal generators and wireless test systems. Engineers use these instruments to check high-speed chips, radios and communications devices. The company also makes broadcast transmitters, secure communications and radio monitoring systems, so it is a broad electronics group and not only a test business. It was founded in 1933 by Lothar Rohde and Hermann Schwarz, is privately held, and is headquartered in Munich. Custom Silicon —
- MPMonolithic Power Systems Monolithic Power Systems designs power management chips, including DC-to-DC converters that step a supply voltage down to the level a processor or memory chip needs. Its products also include lighting control ICs for LCD backlighting, class D audio amplifiers and power modules with a PMBus interface, a standard digital link for monitoring power supplies. It is a supplier of supporting silicon rather than processors. The company was founded in 1997 by Michael Hsing, who serves as chief executive. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Altair Engineering Altair Engineering provides software for simulation, high performance computing, data analytics and artificial intelligence. Its HyperWorks product is used for computer aided engineering, which tests product designs digitally, and it also sells tools for scheduling work on computing clusters. It is a software company, not a hardware maker. Altair was founded in 1985 by James Scapa, George Christ and Mark Kistner and is based in Troy, Michigan. Siemens agreed to acquire it in October 2024, and the deal was completed in March 2025, placing it within Siemens Digital Industries Software. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- GigaDevice GigaDevice designs memory and microcontroller chips. Its flash lines include SPI NOR, a small, fast memory often used to store boot code, and SPI and parallel NAND. Its GD32 microcontrollers use Arm cores, and the GD32V series, introduced in 2019, uses the open RISC-V instruction set. The company was founded in 2005 in Beijing and has been listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange since August 2016, with a secondary Hong Kong listing from January 2026. Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage · CPUs & RISC-V —
- PTPowertech Technology Powertech Technology, often called PTI, is a Taiwanese outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) company, meaning it packages and tests chips for other firms. It focuses on memory, offering chip probing and final test for DRAM, NOR and NAND flash, along with wafer-level packaging, flip chip, wire-bond BGA and system-in-package. It also lists panel-level fan-out, which packages chips on large rectangular panels instead of round wafers. Its group includes Greatek Electronics and Tera Probe. It trades on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under 6239. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Bestechnic Bestechnic (Shanghai) designs smart audio system-on-chip products, which combine a processor, radio and audio circuits on one die. Its chips are used in Bluetooth earphones, Type-C earphones and smart speakers, and press coverage names Google Pixel Buds as one customer. It is a fabless company, so it designs chips and relies on outside foundries to make them. Bestechnic was founded in Shanghai in June 2015 and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange STAR market in December 2020 under code 688608. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- Arteris Campbell, California licensor of network-on-chip interconnect IP (FlexNoC, FlexGen) and chiplet interconnect for SoCs and multi-die AI devices, founded in Paris. Full-year 2025 revenue was $70.6 million and the 2026 forecast was raised to $95 to $98 million in August 2026. It closed the $45 million Cycuity acquisition in January 2026; Renesas and SiEngine are named FlexNoC customers. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- Realtek Realtek is a fabless chip company, meaning it designs integrated circuits and outsources their manufacture. Its products include Ethernet and Wi-Fi network controllers, audio codecs, which convert between digital data and sound, and display controllers for monitors and televisions. Its low-cost parts appear in many personal computers and consumer devices. Realtek was founded in October 1987, is headquartered in Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan, and has been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange since 1998. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- OpenAI (Custom Chip) This record covers the custom AI chip that OpenAI is developing with Broadcom. It is intended to reduce OpenAI's reliance on Nvidia GPUs, which are costly and in high demand. Reports say it is built on TSMC's 3-nanometre process. OpenAI is an AI research company founded in December 2015 and based in San Francisco. It is a public benefit corporation controlled by a nonprofit foundation. It is a chip designer here, not a chip maker, so manufacturing is left to TSMC. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- Nordic Semiconductor Nordic Semiconductor designs low-power wireless chips for connected devices. Its products include Bluetooth Low Energy system-on-chips in the nRF52, nRF53 and nRF54 series, the nRF91 cellular IoT module for LTE-M and NB-IoT networks, the nRF70 Wi-Fi companion chip and nPM power management chips. It is fabless, meaning it designs chips and has others manufacture them. The company was founded in Trondheim, Norway, in 1983 as Nordic VLSI and has been listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange since 1996. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- STMicroelectronics STMicroelectronics designs and manufactures semiconductors including microcontrollers, sensors, power devices and silicon carbide products used in automotive, industrial and consumer electronics. It operates its own fabs as well as using outside foundries. The company was formed in 1987 by the merger of Italy's SGS Microelettronica and France's Thomson Semiconducteurs, and took the STMicroelectronics name in 1998. Its operational headquarters is in Plan-les-Ouates near Geneva, Switzerland, and its shares are listed in New York, Paris and Milan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- AIXTRON AIXTRON builds metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) systems, which are machines that grow ultra-thin crystal layers on a wafer from gas-phase chemicals. These layers form compound semiconductors such as gallium nitride and silicon carbide, used in LEDs, power electronics and photonic devices. AIXTRON sells the equipment rather than making chips itself. It was founded in 1983 as a spin-out from RWTH Aachen University and is headquartered in Herzogenrath, near Aachen, Germany. Its shares trade on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Custom Silicon —
- KQKelvin Quantum University of Glasgow spin-out that designs ultra-low-temperature ASICs and FPGA-based control electronics, with packaging and PCBs, to sit inside the cryogenic environment of a quantum computer and reduce wiring heat load to the processor. Incorporated on 23 May 2025 and selected for the third cohort of the ChipStartUK programme run by Silicon Catalyst.UK; as of August 2026 it was exploring Taiwan foundry and packaging partners and had not disclosed funding. Quantum Computing · Custom Silicon —
- L3Harris Technologies L3Harris is a defense and communications contractor, not a chip maker, so it sits at the edge of compute hardware. It was formed on 29 June 2019 when L3 Technologies merged with Harris Corporation, whose roots go back to 1895. It is headquartered in Melbourne, Florida and listed on the NYSE. As of 2026 it reports three segments, Space and Mission Systems, Communications and Spectrum Dominance, and Missile Solutions. Any in-house semiconductor work was not confirmed, and the record's 2019 founding refers to the merger. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Amkor Technology Amkor is an outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) company, meaning chip designers and foundries hire it to package and test finished chips. Its services include wire bonding, flip chip with copper pillar bumps, and packaging for image sensors and RF devices. It was founded in 1968 by Hyang-Soo Kim, and its name blends America and Korea. It is headquartered in Tempe, Arizona and listed on Nasdaq. In 2023 it announced a US$2 billion advanced packaging plant in Arizona, which later moved to a site in Peoria. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Infineon Technologies Infineon Technologies is a German semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Neubiberg near Munich. It makes power semiconductors, automotive microcontrollers such as the AURIX family, sensors, and security and connectivity chips. These parts are used in vehicles and industrial equipment. Infineon was spun off from Siemens in April 1999, and it acquired International Rectifier in 2015 to strengthen its MOSFET portfolio. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- SESiemens EDA Siemens EDA is the electronic design automation division of Siemens, not an independent company. It sells software used to design, verify and manufacture chips and circuit boards, including Calibre for chip layout verification, Questa and ModelSim for simulation, and Veloce hardware emulators that test chip designs before manufacture. It also offers PCB design tools. The division was formerly Mentor Graphics, founded in 1981 and acquired by Siemens for $4.5 billion in a deal that closed in March 2017. It took the Siemens EDA name in January 2021. Custom Silicon —
- SMIC (Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation) Chinese contract chipmaker founded in 2000 and incorporated in the Cayman Islands, with fabs in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Shenzhen and nodes from 350 nm down to its 7 nm-class N+2 and N+3 processes. TechInsights confirmed in December 2025 that Huawei's Kirin 9030 was made on SMIC's N+3 process. It reported second-quarter 2026 revenue of about US$3.0 billion on 13 August 2026. Custom Silicon —
- ITInnoviz Technologies Innoviz Technologies designs and sells automotive-grade LiDAR sensors and perception software, including its InnovizTwo platform, for driver assistance and automated vehicles. Its sensors produce 3D point clouds that onboard computers use to detect objects. Volkswagen selected it as a direct LiDAR supplier for automated vehicles, and Mobileye has said it would use InnovizTwo in its Mobileye Drive platform. The company was founded in 2016 in Israel and is listed on Nasdaq. ASICs · Custom Silicon $728M
- Intel Corporation Designs x86 processors: Core Ultra client chips and Xeon server chips. The Core Ultra Series 3 'Panther Lake' laptop processor, the first consumer chip on Intel 18A, was unveiled at CES in January 2026, and the Xeon 'Clearwater Forest' E-core server part (up to 288 cores) was introduced in March 2026. Separate entries cover Intel Arc, Loihi and Intel Foundry. CPUs & RISC-V · Custom Silicon —
- Faraday Technology Faraday Technology is a Taiwanese fabless company that provides ASIC and system on chip design services together with silicon IP. An ASIC is a chip made for one customer's specific purpose, and Faraday helps clients take such a design from specification through to the layout data sent to a foundry. Most of its revenue comes from royalties on chips it has designed for customers. It was founded in 1993 as a spin-off from United Microelectronics Corporation and is based in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Rohm Semiconductor Rohm is a Japanese maker of power devices, analog and logic chips, and discrete components such as transistors and diodes. Its silicon carbide power chips handle high voltages more efficiently than silicon and suit electric vehicles and industrial equipment. Rohm does not design compute processors, so it sits in this directory as a supplier of power electronics. It was founded in Kyoto in 1958 as Toyo Electronics Industry Corporation and is still headquartered there. Its group includes Lapis Semiconductor, formerly OKI Semiconductor. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Soitec Soitec is a French materials company that makes engineered wafers, the thin discs on which chips are built. Its main product is silicon on insulator (SOI), in which a thin silicon layer sits on an insulating layer to reduce electrical leakage and interference, helping radio and low-power chips. It produces these with Smart Cut, a process developed with the research institute CEA-Leti that transfers a thin crystal layer from one wafer to another. Soitec was founded in 1992 near Grenoble, is based in Bernin and trades on Euronext Paris. Custom Silicon —
- Loongson Loongson designs general-purpose processors for Chinese desktops, servers and embedded systems. Its older chips used the MIPS instruction set, the rulebook that defines what software a processor can run. Since 2020 it has used its own LoongArch architecture, which a licence holder disputed as too close to MIPS before an arbitration largely went Loongson's way. The company was established in Beijing in April 2010 as a venture between the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Computing Technology and the chip designer BLX IC Design. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- ams-OSRAM ams OSRAM is an Austrian-German maker of optical semiconductors, including LEDs, lasers and optical sensors, plus automotive and specialty lamps. Optical sensors are chips that detect light, used for example in phone cameras and displays. It is not a processor maker, though its photonic parts appear in sensing and data links. The Austrian company ams, founded in 1981, took over the German lighting firm Osram in 2020 after a bid in 2019. It is headquartered in Premstaetten, Austria, and listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon —
- Zilia Technologies Zilia Technologies assembles and tests memory modules, the small circuit boards that carry memory chips, for electronics makers selling in Brazil. It operates plants in Atibaia in Sao Paulo state and in Manaus. The business was formerly SMART Modular Brasil. The Chinese memory company Longsys bought an 81 percent stake in 2023, and Penguin Solutions sold its remaining 19 percent to a Longsys-linked buyer in March 2026. This is a packaging and module business and does not design chips. Custom Silicon —
- Morse Micro Morse Micro is a fabless chip company, meaning it designs chips and has others manufacture them, that makes Wi-Fi HaLow chips for Internet of Things devices. HaLow is based on the IEEE 802.11ah standard and uses lower radio frequencies than ordinary Wi-Fi, so signals travel farther and pass through walls more easily at the cost of lower speeds. Its current chips are the MM6108 and MM8108. The company was founded in 2016 in Sydney, Australia by Michael de Nil and Andrew Terry, both formerly of Broadcom. ASICs · Custom Silicon $59M Series C (Sep 2025, MegaChips-led); $193M total
- Kioxia Kioxia makes NAND flash memory, the non-volatile storage inside solid-state drives and phones, including its layered BiCS FLASH 3D design and XL-FLASH, a low-latency option. It began as Toshiba Memory in April 2017 after Toshiba separated its memory business, and a consortium led by Bain Capital acquired it in 2018. It makes flash in joint operations with Sandisk, with output split equally. Kioxia is headquartered in Tokyo and listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in December 2024. Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- Tata Electronics Tata Electronics is the Tata Group company building India's first large commercial semiconductor supply chain. Its plans include a wafer fabrication plant at Dholera in Gujarat, built with Taiwan's Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, and an assembly and test plant at Jagiroad in Assam. A fab turns silicon wafers into chips, while assembly and test packages and checks them. The foundation stones for both sites were laid in March 2024, and the Dholera fab is planned at up to 50,000 wafers per month. ASICs · Custom Silicon $10B+ investment
- NHanced Semiconductors Advanced packaging foundry headquartered in Batavia, Illinois with facilities in North Carolina and Indiana, offering die-to-wafer hybrid bonding, 3D integration and interposers. It took delivery of a Besi Datacon 8800 CHAMEOultra plus hybrid bonder and licenses the DBI process from Adeia; it announced expanded hybrid bonding capability in January 2026. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- DB HiTek DB HiTek is a South Korean foundry that manufactures chips on 8-inch wafers for other companies rather than designing its own. Its processes cover analog, mixed-signal, power management, CMOS image sensors and display driver chips, with BCD technology a flagship. It operates fabs in Bucheon and Eumseong, and is developing silicon carbide and gallium nitride power processes. It is part of the DB Group, and the Bucheon fab is reported to be running near full capacity on power chip demand. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- COCognichip Cognichip, based in San Francisco, builds AI models for designing semiconductors, an approach it calls artificial chip intelligence. The aim is to automate steps of chip design that engineers now do largely by hand, so that new chips cost less and take less time. The company says its models draw on the laws of physics as well as data, and the cost and time savings it cites are its own claims. It was founded in 2024 by Faraj Aalaei, who previously served as chief executive of Centillium Communications. ASICs · Custom Silicon $60M Series A (Apr 2026)
- Arbe Robotics Arbe Robotics develops 4D imaging radar for vehicles, built around a chipset with 48 transmit and 48 receive channels plus a processor and perception software. It sells mainly to Tier 1 automotive suppliers, and also targets trucks, robotaxis, drones and defense uses. In compute terms it supplies sensing silicon and the processing that turns radar returns into a detailed environment map. Founded in 2015 and based in Tel Aviv, it has traded on Nasdaq as ARBE since a SPAC merger in October 2021. ASICs · Custom Silicon $246M
- Raytheon Semiconductors This record does not match a clearly separate company. Raytheon is a business within RTX Corporation, formed in 2020 when Raytheon Company merged with United Technologies, and RTX is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, not Waltham. RTX's Raytheon website lists microelectronics under its advanced technology work, alongside radars, electronic warfare and missile systems. Specific claims about gallium arsenide or gallium nitride chips and radiation-hardened parts could not be confirmed here. The 1922 founding date refers to the original Raytheon company, not a semiconductor unit. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Micron Technology Micron Technology makes memory and storage products, including DRAM, NAND and NOR flash, SSDs and high bandwidth memory (HBM). Its HBM3E stacks are used with NVIDIA data center GPUs, including H200 and Blackwell based platforms. Micron designs and manufactures its own memory, so it supplies AI accelerator makers and server builders as a component vendor. It also sells to the mobile, automotive, PC and industrial markets. The company began in 1978 in Boise, Idaho, where it is based. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- HiSilicon Huawei's wholly owned chip designer, formally established in 2004. It makes the Kirin smartphone and PC processors (Kirin 9030 in Q4 2025, Kirin X90 PC chips in 2025) and the Kunpeng Arm server CPUs. Huawei's Connect 2025 roadmap lists the 96- and 192-core Kunpeng 950 for 2026 and a 256-core part for 2028. Ascend AI chips are listed separately. CPUs & RISC-V · Custom Silicon —
- PBPolar Bear Tech Polar Bear Tech, known in Chinese as Beiji Xiongxin, is a Beijing company that designs chiplets, which are small chips combined in one package in place of a single large chip. Its Qiming 930 processor uses a central control chip with RISC-V cores, an open instruction set, and links other functional chiplets through high-speed interfaces. The company says it wants to build a catalogue of reusable chiplets that customers can choose from. It came out of Tsinghua University's Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences. Custom Silicon Multiple rounds; >100M yuan with Harvest/Zhengwei Capital
- Ibiden Japanese maker of IC package substrates for AI servers. Digitimes and Japanese filings reported a plan in February 2026 to invest about JPY 500 billion in IC substrates over fiscal 2026 to 2028, starting with the Gama plant, with the Ono plant in a second phase; fiscal 2025 revenue was JPY 416.2 billion. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- Transphorm Transphorm designs and makes gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors, which are switches used in power supplies and converters. GaN can switch faster and waste less energy as heat than conventional silicon switches, so power adapters and converters built with it can be smaller. The company was founded in 2007 and is based in Goleta, California, near UC Santa Barbara. Renesas agreed to acquire it for $339 million in January 2024, and the deal was announced as complete on 20 June 2024. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Tachyum Tachyum designs the Prodigy processor, which it calls a universal processor because one chip is meant to handle general server work, high performance computing and AI, instead of pairing separate CPUs and GPUs. The company says Prodigy can also run x86, Arm and RISC-V software. These performance claims come from Tachyum and have not been independently benchmarked. Founded in 2016 by Radoslav Danilak, it has its US headquarters in Las Vegas, Nevada, and its European headquarters and R&D site in Bratislava, Slovakia. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V $500M purchase order from Series C investor (Nov 2025)
- CamGraPhIC CamGraPhIC develops optical transceivers, the modules that turn electrical signals into light so data can travel between chips and servers. Its design uses graphene, a one-atom-thick carbon layer, as the light-handling material in place of the silicon and indium phosphide parts used in most pluggable transceivers. The company says this can cut energy use and raise bandwidth for AI and high-performance computing links. It was founded in 2018 by Andrea Ferrari and Marco Romagnoli, began as a Cambridge spinout, and is based in Pisa, Italy as a subsidiary of 2D Photonics. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon €211M EU/Italy DeepTech grant (Apr 2026) on top of €25M Series A (Feb 2025)
- CSC2i Semiconductors C2i Semiconductors is a Bengaluru fabless company that designs power delivery chips for AI data centers. Its products include software-defined controllers and smart power stages, which convert and regulate the electricity that reaches processors, with the aim of wasting less energy between the grid and the chip. Sources say it was founded in 2024 by former Texas Instruments power engineers. Infineon Technologies has agreed to acquire the company, with completion expected in the third quarter of 2026. ASICs · Custom Silicon $15M Series A (Feb 2026)
- Skyworks Solutions Skyworks Solutions designs analog and mixed-signal semiconductors, mainly radio frequency front-end modules for smartphones, plus products for automotive, broadband and aerospace markets. Its parts handle wireless connectivity inside edge devices, not general-purpose computing. The company was formed in 2002 through the merger of Alpha Industries and the wireless business of Conexant Systems. In October 2025 it agreed to acquire Qorvo, with closing expected in early 2027. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Quanta Computer Quanta Computer is a Taiwanese original design manufacturer that began with notebook computers and now builds a large share of cloud and AI servers for hyperscale customers. It designs and assembles systems around processors and accelerators from other companies, which places it between chip vendors and data center operators. The company was founded in 1988 in Taoyuan, Taiwan by Barry Lam and C.C. Leung, and its shares trade on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under the code 2382. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · HPC & AI Systems —
- Dialog Semiconductor (now Renesas) Dialog Semiconductor designed mixed-signal chips, mainly power management ICs that control how battery power is distributed inside a device, plus audio and connectivity parts for mobile and IoT products. It began in May 1985 as IMP (UK) Limited and operated from Reading in the United Kingdom, with a large German presence. Apple was its dominant customer, buying its power management chips for iPhone, iPad and Watch since 2007. Renesas completed its acquisition of Dialog in August 2021, and Dialog now operates as a Renesas subsidiary. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Phytium Technology Phytium designs Arm-based processors under the FeiTeng brand, covering server CPUs for data centres, desktop chips and embedded parts. Arm is a licensed instruction set, so Phytium builds its own cores that run Arm software rather than copying a ready-made design. The company is based in Tianjin. The US Commerce Department added Tianjin Phytium Information Technology to its Entity List in April 2021, citing support for Chinese military supercomputing, which limits its access to American technology. Its recent server chips include the 64-core Tengyun S2500. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Himax Technologies Himax Technologies is a fabless chip company, meaning it designs semiconductors and outsources manufacturing. It makes display driver ICs and timing controllers, which send image data to screens, along with touch controllers, CMOS image sensors, LCoS microdisplays for augmented reality, and WiseEye, a low-power AI sensing product that processes images on the device itself. Himax was founded in 2001 and is headquartered in Tainan, Taiwan. Its shares trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker HIMX. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- YMYMTC Yangtze Memory Technologies, or YMTC, makes 3D NAND flash, the storage memory used in solid-state drives and phones. It was founded in 2016 and is based in Wuhan, Hubei. Its Xtacking design builds the memory cell array and the supporting logic circuits on two separate wafers and bonds them together, which differs from the usual approach of placing both on one wafer. YMTC was formerly a subsidiary of Tsinghua Unigroup and has been subject to United States export restrictions. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage IPO process launched May 2026
- u-blox u-blox supplies positioning and wireless communication products, including GNSS chips and modules for satellite navigation, cellular modules, and Bluetooth and Wi-Fi modules for IoT and machine-to-machine devices. GNSS is the general term for satellite systems such as GPS, Galileo and BeiDou. It sells to automotive and industrial customers rather than to computing buyers. The company was founded in 1997 as a spin-off from ETH Zurich and is headquartered in Thalwil, Switzerland. It has been listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange since October 2007, and Advent International has agreed to acquire it. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- Unimicron Taiwanese maker of ABF IC substrates and printed circuit boards for AI processors. It said AI would be about 60% of ABF substrate revenue in 2026, up from about 40%, and reports put 2026 capital spending at NT$25 to 34 billion, including the Guangfu plant in Hsinchu in mass production since late 2024. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- Huawei Ascend Ascend is Huawei's line of AI accelerator chips, designed by its HiSilicon subsidiary and including the Ascend 310, 910, 910B and 910C. They use Huawei's Da Vinci architecture, which has dedicated cube units for the matrix multiplication at the heart of neural networks. They run with Huawei's own software stack, including the CANN library and the MindSpore framework, which gives Chinese buyers an alternative to Nvidia's tools. Huawei is based in Shenzhen, China, and HiSilicon is wholly owned by Huawei. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon · HPC & AI Systems —
- STStarFive StarFive, formally Shanghai StarFive Semiconductor Technology, designs RISC-V processors. It licenses CPU and network-on-chip IP, which are ready-made design blocks, and sells its own chips, including the JH7110 application processor, a baseboard management controller chip and microcontrollers. It also sells VisionFive single-board computers and development kits, and publishes an open-source Linux SDK. The company is based in Shanghai. Production status of newer chips and its founding year were not confirmed. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Coherent Coherent makes optical materials, lasers and semiconductor components, including VCSELs (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, used in 3D sensing), silicon carbide substrates and optical transceivers that move data over fibre. It began as II-VI Incorporated, founded in 1971 by Carl Johnson and James Hawkey, and made lenses and mirrors for CO2 lasers. In 2022 II-VI acquired the laser maker Coherent, Inc. and took its name. Its headquarters are in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, north of Pittsburgh. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- TSMC TSMC is a pure-play semiconductor foundry, meaning it manufactures chips for other companies and does not sell chips under its own brand. Its customers include designers of CPUs, GPUs, smartphone processors and AI accelerators, and it also offers advanced packaging services under the 3DFabric name. In 2025 it reported making over 12,000 products for 534 customers. It sits between chip designers and system makers in the supply chain. TSMC was founded in 1987 by Morris Chang and is headquartered in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- SSSolomon Systech Solomon Systech is a Hong Kong fabless semiconductor company that designs display and touch chips and has them made by outside foundries. Its range covers display driver ICs for mobile screens, in-cell touch and display drivers that combine both functions in one chip, touch controllers, and drivers for OLED panels. These parts sit in the display path of consumer devices and are not compute processors. Solomon Systech (International) Limited has been listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong stock exchange since 8 April 2004 under stock code 2878. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- HT Micron HT Micron Semicondutores is a Brazilian company offering semiconductor assembly, packaging and testing, which is the back-end work of putting finished silicon dies into usable chips and memory modules. It also lists IoT chips with LoRa, Bluetooth and NB-IoT connectivity on its website. It is based on Avenida Unisinos in Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. Its ties to the South Korean group Hana Micron are described in company coverage, but the exact ownership split could not be confirmed here. Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- Apple Silicon Apple silicon is the family of processors that Apple designs in-house for the Mac, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Apple TV and Vision Pro. Most are systems on a chip, meaning the processor, graphics, memory controllers and neural engine sit on one piece of silicon, and most are built on the Arm instruction set. Apple does not manufacture them and relies on contract foundries, mainly TSMC. The Mac moved to its own chips from the M1, shown in November 2020, and the Mac range completed that move in June 2023. Apple is based in Cupertino, California. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V —
- CHChiplego Chiplego is listed in this directory as a Chinese chiplet company. Chiplets are small separate dies that are joined in one package so that a large processor can be built from reusable parts instead of one big chip. We could not locate an operating company website or reliable press coverage to confirm its products, headquarters, founding year or ownership. Details on this record should be treated as unverified until a primary source is found. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- Apple (Neural Engine) The Neural Engine is a block of silicon inside Apple's own chips, built to run machine learning tasks on the device rather than in a data centre. Such blocks are often called NPUs, short for neural processing units, and they handle the repetitive matrix arithmetic of neural networks using far less power than a general processor. Apple first included one in the A11 Bionic chip in 2017, which powered the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X. Later versions appear in Apple's A-series and M-series chips. Apple is headquartered in Cupertino, California. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- Seagate Technology Seagate Technology makes hard disk drives and data storage systems for consumers, data centers and cloud providers. Its Exos line serves enterprise buyers, and it has promoted heat-assisted magnetic recording, called HAMR, which uses a laser to briefly heat the disk surface so bits can be packed more tightly. In January 2024 it announced the Exos Mozaic 3+, a 30 TB HAMR drive. Seagate began operations in 1979 as Shugart Technology, has its operational headquarters in Fremont, California, and is legally domiciled in Dublin, Ireland. It is a storage supplier rather than a compute chip designer. Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- POET Technologies POET Technologies develops photonic integration using its Optical Interposer platform, which places optical and electronic components together at wafer level. Its Blazar light source is intended to power co-packaged optics and chip-to-chip optical links in AI and cloud data centers. The company also works on optical engines for high-speed transceivers. POET is based in Toronto, Ontario, and is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange and on Nasdaq under the ticker POET. Photonic Computing · Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Nanya Technology Nanya Technology is a Taiwanese manufacturer of DRAM, supplying memory for consumer, industrial, networking and server uses. It operates its own fabs in Taiwan and sells through offices in several regions. The company was founded in 1995 and is part of the Formosa Plastics Group, with Nan Ya Plastics as its controlling shareholder. It is based in New Taipei City, and its shares trade on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under 2408. In-Memory Computing · AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon —
- Sony Semiconductor Solutions Sony Semiconductor Solutions is the chip arm of Sony Group, best known for CMOS image sensors, the light-sensing chips inside cameras, phones and cars. It also makes other sensors and large-scale integration chips. As a business unit of a consumer electronics group, it is a sensor specialist rather than a general processor vendor. It is based in Atsugi, Kanagawa. Sony's semiconductor business began in 1954, and the current Semiconductor Solutions group structure dates to 2015, according to Sony's own history. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- AMEC AMEC, short for Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment, builds the machines that fabricate chips rather than chips themselves. Its best-known products are plasma etch systems, which carve circuit patterns into wafers, and it also makes MOCVD tools used for LED and compound-semiconductor layers. Founded in 2004 by Gerald Yin, a former Applied Materials and Lam Research executive, it is headquartered in Shanghai and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange STAR Market since 2019. Its etch tools have been qualified for advanced process nodes including 7 nm and 5 nm. Custom Silicon —
- Intel Foundry Intel Foundry is the contract manufacturing arm of Intel, which makes chips for outside customers as well as for Intel's own products. It offers its own process technologies and advanced packaging, which joins several chips into one package in 2D, 2.5D or 3D layouts, plus test services and a multi-product shuttle program for prototyping. Intel's older foundry effort was reported closed in 2018, and the current business is a later relaunch. The parent company is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and the US federal government is its largest listed shareholder at 9.9 percent. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- ChangXin Memory Technologies ChangXin Memory Technologies, known as CXMT, designs and manufactures DRAM, the fast working memory used in servers, PCs and phones. It is China's largest DRAM maker and is based in Hefei, Anhui, where it was founded in 2016 with local government backing and the involvement of GigaDevice founder Zhu Yiming. It has reported production of DDR5 memory and has been approved to list on Shanghai's STAR Market. Reports say it drew on technology and staff from the former German DRAM maker Qimonda. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage $4.2B IPO planned (Shanghai STAR Market, updated prospectus May 2026)
- AWS Graviton AWS Graviton is a family of server processors that Amazon Web Services designs for its own cloud. They use the Arm instruction set rather than x86, and each virtual CPU maps to a full physical core instead of a shared thread. The first generation arrived in November 2018 in EC2 A1 instances, and later generations moved to Arm Neoverse cores, with Graviton4 announced in November 2023. Design is done by Annapurna Labs, a chip design team that Amazon acquired in 2015. AWS is part of Amazon and is based in Seattle. Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Goodix Technology Goodix is a fabless chip designer, meaning it designs chips and leaves manufacturing to outside foundries. It started with communication chips for fixed-line phones, then moved into touchscreen controllers and fingerprint sensors for smartphones, and has been expanding into IoT and automotive electronics. It also bought NXP's voice and audio business in 2019. The company was founded in 2002 and is headquartered in Shenzhen, and its shares have traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange since 2016. It is a sensor and interface supplier rather than a maker of compute processors. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- RSRaydium Semiconductor Raydium Semiconductor is a Taiwanese fabless chip company, meaning it designs chips and leaves manufacturing to outside foundries. Its products are display driver ICs, which send the signals that light the pixels of a screen, and touch controllers, which read finger input on a panel. It sells mainly into phones, tablets and other displays rather than computing hardware. Record problem noted for editors. The website on file, raydium.com.tw, currently shows a placeholder page and appears not to be the company's own site. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- SESemifive Semifive designs custom AI and high-performance computing chips on behalf of other companies. Its platform supplies pre-verified design blocks and services, so a customer with a chip idea can reach production at a foundry faster than by building the whole design team in house. It is an official Design Solution Partner of Samsung Foundry, which manufactures chips for its customers. Its clients include Korean AI chip start-ups Rebellion, FuriosaAI and HyperAccel. Semifive was founded in 2019 and is based in Seongnam, South Korea. It sought a KOSDAQ listing in 2025, but a completed listing date could not be confirmed. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators IPO Dec 29, 2025 (KOSDAQ)
- Lam Research Lam Research makes wafer fabrication equipment, mainly for etch and deposition. Deposition builds thin layers of material on a silicon wafer, and etch then removes parts of those layers to carve out circuit patterns. Chipmakers such as TSMC, Samsung, Intel and Micron buy this kind of tool to make logic and memory chips. The company was founded in 1980 by David K. Lam, is headquartered in Fremont, California, and is listed on Nasdaq as LRCX. Custom Silicon —
- Ampere Computing Ampere Computing designs Arm-based server processors for cloud data centres. Its Altra family offers up to 128 cores and its AmpereOne family up to 192 single-threaded cores, with each core a full processor that does not share execution resources with another thread. The design aims at predictable performance and low power use per core. Ampere was founded by former Intel president Renee James and is based in Santa Clara, California. SoftBank Group announced in March 2025 that it would buy the company for 6.5 billion dollars, and the deal closed in November 2025. Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V —
- NMNova Measuring Instruments Nova, formerly Nova Measuring Instruments, provides metrology and process control for semiconductor manufacturing. Metrology means measuring materials and structures on a wafer during production. Its product lines include integrated metrology built into process tools, stand-alone metrology, and materials and chemical metrology, along with software. The company has research centres in Israel, Germany and the United States. It is an equipment supplier to chipmakers and does not design processors, so its link to compute hardware is through the factories that make advanced chips. Custom Silicon —
- EXTOLL EXTOLL develops semiconductor interconnect intellectual property, meaning pre-designed circuit blocks that other chip makers license. Its products include SerDes (high-speed serial links between chips), UCIe chiplet interfaces for connecting small dies inside one package, and a network-on-chip design. It says its digital-centric architecture targets mainstream 12 to 28 nm manufacturing processes with low power use. EXTOLL GmbH is headquartered in Mannheim, Germany. A founding year could not be confirmed from the sources checked. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon —
- KLA Corporation KLA makes process control equipment for chip factories. Its inspection tools look for defects on wafers and masks, and its metrology tools measure features that are only a few nanometers wide, so manufacturers can catch problems early and improve yield, the share of working chips per wafer. The current company formed in 1997 when KLA Instruments merged with Tencor Instruments to create KLA-Tencor, which was later renamed KLA Corporation. It is based in Milpitas, California. Custom Silicon —
- TETokyo Electron Tokyo Electron is a Japanese maker of semiconductor production equipment. Its products include coater/developers, which apply and develop the light-sensitive coating used in lithography, plasma etch systems that cut circuit patterns into wafers, and thermal processing systems. It sells to chipmakers around the world. The company was incorporated on 11 November 1963 as Tokyo Electron Laboratories, began by importing equipment, and is headquartered in Tokyo. Custom Silicon —
- MagnaChip Semiconductor MagnaChip Semiconductor designs and sells analog and power semiconductors, meaning chips that switch and regulate electrical power in products such as appliances, vehicles and industrial equipment. It has historically also made display driver chips, which control the pixels in screens, but the company has been moving toward a power-focused product line. It operates manufacturing in South Korea and sells mainly to electronics makers in Asia. It is a power and display chip supplier, not a maker of processors or AI accelerators. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Allegro MicroSystems Allegro MicroSystems designs sensor chips and power chips for automotive and industrial use. Its Hall-effect sensors detect magnetic fields, which lets a car or machine measure position, speed or current without physical contact, and its motor drivers and regulators control power. Its website describes the business as fabless, so other foundries manufacture its silicon. It is a supplier of components around processors rather than a processor maker. The company is based in Manchester, New Hampshire, and trades on NASDAQ under ALGM. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Wolfspeed Wolfspeed makes silicon carbide materials and power devices used in electric vehicles, industrial equipment and energy systems. It is a vertically integrated supplier, producing its own silicon carbide substrates as well as the chips built on them, with its main 200mm wafer plant in Marcy, New York. Its power devices matter to compute mainly through efficient power conversion. The company is based in Durham, North Carolina, and announced its emergence from Chapter 11 restructuring on 29 September 2025, with total debt reduced by about 70 percent. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Tower Semiconductor Tower Semiconductor is a specialty foundry that manufactures analog, RF, power and silicon photonics chips for other companies. Its silicon germanium and silicon photonics platforms serve optical transceivers and networking gear used in AI data centers. It is a supplier of process technology rather than a designer of its own processors. The company is headquartered in Migdal Haemek, Israel, and has announced a government-backed expansion of 300mm silicon photonics and silicon germanium capacity in Japan. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Silicon Labs Silicon Labs is a fabless company that designs microcontrollers, wireless system-on-chips and modules, and sensors for Internet of Things devices. Its parts support wireless protocols such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread, Wi-Fi and Matter, and it also supplies software tools such as the Simplicity Studio development platform. The company is focused on low-power connected devices rather than data center compute. It was founded in 1996 by Nav Sooch, Dave Welland and Jeff Scott and is based in Austin, Texas. Texas Instruments announced in February 2026 that it intends to buy the company for $7.5 billion. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- Canon Semiconductor This record covers the semiconductor lithography equipment business of Canon Inc., not a separate company. Lithography machines print circuit patterns onto wafers. Canon makes conventional light-based systems and also nanoimprint lithography, which presses a patterned mold into resist on the wafer like a stamp instead of projecting light. Canon introduced its nanoimprint systems in October 2023 and says they are simpler and cheaper than extreme ultraviolet machines. Canon Inc. became a company in 1937 and is headquartered in Tokyo. Custom Silicon —
- Paragraf Paragraf makes electronic devices from graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, grown directly onto wafers for use in standard semiconductor production. Its main products are graphene Hall effect sensors, which measure magnetic fields and are used in settings such as quantum computing cryostats, electric vehicle battery systems and space hardware. It is a spin-off from the University of Cambridge and is based in Somersham, Cambridgeshire, in the UK. Custom Silicon $55M Series C (Aug 2025, Mubadala-led)
- Advantest Advantest makes automatic test equipment for semiconductors, including test systems for system-on-chip devices, memory and solid-state drives. It also supplies test handlers, which move chips into position for testing, and electron-beam measurement tools used in chip fabrication. Testing is a separate step from making chips, and Advantest competes mainly with Teradyne in that niche. The company began in 1954 as Takeda Riken Industry and adopted the Advantest name in 1985. It is headquartered in Tokyo and is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. Custom Silicon —
- Vishay Intertechnology Vishay Intertechnology makes discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components. Discrete parts are single-function devices such as diodes, rectifiers and MOSFETs, which are power switching transistors, and passives include resistors, capacitors and inductors. These parts sit around processors and power circuits in cars, industrial gear and computers rather than performing computation themselves. Felix Zandman founded the company in 1962, and it is headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. Vishay is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and has grown largely through acquisitions since 1985. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- INInnosilicon Wuhan-based chip and interface IP company that also designs GPUs. Its Fenghua No. 1 and No. 2 graphics cards used Imagination PowerVR IP; in September 2025 it presented Fenghua No. 3, a RISC-V based GPU with HBM, with CUDA compatibility claimed by the company and not independently verified. It also licenses HBM4/3E, GDDR7 and LPDDR6 PHY and controller IP and offers custom ASIC services. GPUs · Custom Silicon —
- ANSYS Ansys makes engineering simulation software, which lets engineers test how a design behaves under heat, stress, fluid flow or electromagnetic fields before building it. Flagship tools include Ansys Workbench and Ansys Mechanical. It is a software company rather than a hardware maker, though chip designers use simulation of this kind. Ansys was founded in 1970 as Swanson Analysis Systems by John Swanson and is based in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. Its acquisition by Synopsys closed on 17 July 2025, so it is now a Synopsys subsidiary. Custom Silicon —
- Seiko Epson Semiconductor This record covers the semiconductor activities of Seiko Epson Corporation, a Japanese group better known for printers, projectors and watches. Its chip business has centred on low-power microcontrollers, which are small processors built into devices, along with display driver chips and timing devices such as crystal oscillators. The emphasis on very low power draw suits wearables and sensors rather than data centre computing. Seiko Epson is headquartered in Suwa, Nagano, and the chip operation is part of the group rather than a separate listed company. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- Efficient Power Conversion Efficient Power Conversion designs and sells gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors and integrated circuits under the eGaN name. GaN is a compound semiconductor that switches faster and wastes less energy as heat than ordinary silicon power devices, which suits power converters, lidar and motor drives. The company does not make processors itself, it supplies the power stage around them. EPC was founded in 2007 by Alex Lidow, a former chief executive of International Rectifier, and is based in El Segundo, California. Custom Silicon —
- Arm Holdings Arm designs processor cores and related designs for GPUs and neural processing units, and licenses them to other companies instead of selling most chips itself. Licensees such as phone and server chip makers build the designs into their own silicon. This licensing model separates it from firms like Intel or AMD that make and sell finished processors. Arm is headquartered in Cambridge, England, was founded in 1990 as a joint venture of Acorn Computers, Apple and VLSI Technology, and has been majority owned by SoftBank Group since 2016. It listed on Nasdaq in September 2023. Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators · CPUs & RISC-V —
- SISiltronic Siltronic produces ultra-pure silicon wafers, the base material on which most semiconductors are made, including 300mm wafers for advanced logic and memory chips. It is one of the main wafer suppliers to chipmakers worldwide, so it sits at the start of the compute supply chain. It operates wafer plants in Germany and Singapore, including a large 300mm fab in Freiberg. The company is headquartered in Munich and grew out of the silicon activities of Wacker Chemie. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- WSWill Semiconductor Will Semiconductor is a Chinese chip group that acquired the American image sensor maker OmniVision Technologies, with its subsidiary based in Santa Clara, California, and combined it with SuperPix Micro Technology to form the OmniVision group. The group is best known for CMOS image sensors, the light-sensing chips in cameras, along with companion ASICs for automotive, medical, AR and VR, and IoT uses. This is a sensor business more than a compute hardware one. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- TETeradyne Teradyne designs automatic test equipment, the systems that check semiconductors and electronics for faults before they ship. Its testers run chips through electrical checks at high speed, which matters for complex processors and memory. The group also owns Universal Robots, a Danish maker of collaborative robots, so it is a test company with a robotics arm and not only a chip company. Teradyne was founded in 1960 by Alex d'Arbeloff and Nick DeWolf, two MIT classmates, and is headquartered in North Reading, Massachusetts. Custom Silicon —
- PRPrimemas Santa Clara chiplet company with an R&D center in Seoul that sells Hublets, pre-built hub SoC chiplets with die-to-die links, including Falcon-1 with CXL 3.2 support. It raised a $72 million Series B reported in January 2026 and signed Asicland in 2025 to support chiplet development. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon $72M Series B, Jan 2026
- Tianshui Huatian Technology Tianshui Huatian Technology is a Chinese outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) company that packages and tests chips for other firms. It describes itself as among the largest in mainland China and focuses on advanced packaging such as system-in-package, through-silicon via (TSV), fan-out and wafer-level packaging. It was formed in 2003 from the Yonghong Appliance Factory, a state-owned plant set up in 1969 to make integrated circuits. It is headquartered in Tianshui, Gansu, and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 2007. Its subsidiaries include Unisem and Flipchip. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking —
- Nordic ID Nordic ID is a Finnish company that makes RFID tracking solutions, which use radio tags and readers to locate and count items without line of sight. Its work covers handheld readers and related software for inventory, retail and asset tracking rather than chip design. It began in 1986 as a small team focused on item tracing in Finland. The company joined the Brady Corporation group in 2021 and was rebranded as Nordic ID Technology in 2024. It sits outside compute hardware and is included as an edge data capture business. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing —
- EMElan Microelectronics Elan Microelectronics is a Taiwanese chip designer known for touchpad and touch controllers and fingerprint sensors used in laptops and other devices. Its products process sensor signals rather than serve as general-purpose compute processors, so it is a peripheral and edge-device record in this directory. The Hsinchu location and 1994 founding year in the existing record could not be confirmed from the sources checked for this update, so the description leaves them out. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Preferred Networks Preferred Networks is a Japanese AI company that builds its own computing hardware as well as software. It co-developed the MN-Core processor with Kobe University, a custom chip aimed at deep learning training. The chips power its in-house MN-3 supercomputer cluster, which ranked first on the Green500 list of energy-efficient supercomputers in June 2020. The company also develops the PLaMo large language model and applies AI in fields such as manufacturing and life sciences. It was established in March 2014 and is headquartered in Tokyo. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon —
- Edwards Vacuum Edwards Vacuum makes vacuum pumps and abatement equipment. Vacuum pumps clear air from chip fabrication chambers, and abatement systems treat the toxic or reactive exhaust gases that fabs produce before release. Its pumps are also used in research, analytical instruments and industrial coating. The company was founded in 1919 by Frederick David Edwards and his father in London and is headquartered in Burgess Hill, England. It has been part of the Swedish industrial group Atlas Copco since its acquisition in 2014. Custom Silicon —
- InCore Semiconductor InCore Semiconductors designs processor cores based on RISC-V, an open instruction set that anyone can use without paying a license fee, and licenses them to chip makers. Its cores include Azurite, a small low-power embedded design, and Calcite, which targets higher performance. The company grew out of the Shakti processor project at IIT Madras and was founded in Chennai in 2018. It raised $3 million in seed funding from Peak XV in 2023. ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V · Custom Silicon $3M seed (Peak XV)
- DCDISCO Corporation DISCO makes precision machines that cut, grind and polish semiconductor wafers. Its dicing saws slice a finished wafer into individual chips, and its grinders thin wafers, which is needed for stacked memory and advanced packaging. It also sells the diamond blades and consumables these tools use, and laser-based cutting systems. It does not make chips or lithography tools. DISCO was founded in 1937 in Kure, Hiroshima, as Dai-Ichi Seitosho and took the DISCO name in 1977. It is headquartered in Tokyo and listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Custom Silicon —
- Google (TPU) The Tensor Processing Unit is a family of chips that Google designed for neural network workloads, with Broadcom helping turn the designs into manufacturable silicon. It is an ASIC, meaning a chip built for one job rather than general use, so it trades flexibility for efficiency on matrix maths. Google began using TPUs internally in 2015 and announced them in 2016. It now rents them to outside customers through Google Cloud. The seventh generation, Ironwood, was unveiled in April 2025 and can be linked in pods of up to 9,216 chips. TPUs · Custom Silicon —
- SSSharp Semiconductor This record describes Sharp Corporation, the Japanese electronics group, rather than a standalone chip company. Sharp is best known for displays and consumer and business electronics, and its semiconductor activity is one division inside that wider business, including optical and laser devices. The group is headquartered in Sakai, Osaka, and has been an asset-light business in recent years, selling some manufacturing subsidiaries. Readers looking for compute hardware should treat it as a diversified electronics manufacturer with limited exposure to processors or accelerators. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- TEToshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Toshiba Electronic Devices and Storage Corporation is the semiconductor and storage subsidiary of Toshiba Corporation. It sells power semiconductors such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, which switch large currents efficiently, plus diodes, isolators, motor driver chips, microcontrollers, linear image sensors and hard disk storage products. It focuses on power and analog parts rather than leading-edge processors. The 1875 founding date in this record belongs to the Toshiba group, not this subsidiary. Toshiba's flash memory business was separated earlier and is now Kioxia. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Memory & Storage —
- Black Semiconductor Black Semiconductor develops chips that use graphene, a one-atom-thick form of carbon, to build optical links on top of conventional silicon electronics. The goal is to move data between chips as light instead of electrical signals, which can reduce energy use and heat. The company was founded in 2020 in Aachen, Germany, as a spin-off from the AMO research center, by brothers Daniel and Sebastian Schall. Its FabONE site in Aachen houses a 300 mm wafer pilot line. Custom Silicon · Interconnect & Networking €211M public support (cumulative); acquired Applied Nanolayers March 2025
- Camtek Camtek, based in Migdal HaEmek, Israel, builds inspection and metrology systems for semiconductor manufacturing. Inspection finds defects on wafers, and metrology measures structures such as bumps and interconnects. Its tools are aimed especially at advanced packaging, where several chips are combined into one module, a method used for AI processors and high bandwidth memory. Camtek is a listed company that sells to chipmakers and packaging houses. It supplies factory equipment and is not a chip designer. Custom Silicon —
- SMSG Micro SG Micro designs analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits, which handle real-world signals such as voltage, current and sound rather than only digital logic. Its main business is analog chips, including power management ICs that regulate and convert battery and supply voltages in electronic devices. The company is fabless, using outside foundries such as TSMC for manufacturing. It was founded in 2007 by Zhang Shilong, a former Texas Instruments employee, is headquartered in Beijing, and has been listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since 2017 under ticker 300661. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- Zhaoxin Zhaoxin designs x86-compatible processors, meaning chips that run the same software as Intel and AMD parts, mainly for the Chinese market. Its KaiXian line targets desktop and business PCs and its KaiSheng line targets servers. The company was set up in 2013 as a joint venture between Taiwan's VIA Technologies and a Shanghai municipal government investment firm, and its ability to build x86 chips rests on VIA's x86 licence. Its earliest designs came from VIA's Isaiah core, and it has since developed its own microarchitectures. Custom Silicon · ASICs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Semtech Semtech is an American maker of analog and mixed-signal semiconductors, chips that handle real-world signals such as radio, power and touch. It developed LoRa, a low-power, long-range wireless networking technology for Internet of Things devices, and also sells proximity sensors, wireless charging chips and power management products. In January 2023 it completed its purchase of Sierra Wireless, a Canadian maker of cellular IoT modules, for about US$1.2 billion including debt. Semtech was founded in 1960 and is based in Camarillo, California. Custom Silicon · Edge Computing · Interconnect & Networking —
- Carl Zeiss SMT Carl Zeiss SMT makes the optics used in semiconductor lithography machines, where mirrors and lenses focus light to print circuit patterns on wafers. It supplies the optical systems for ASML's EUV scanners, which use extreme ultraviolet light, and works on High-NA EUV. It also makes systems that inspect and repair photomasks, the stencils used in printing. It is a subsidiary of Carl Zeiss AG, headquartered in Oberkochen, Germany. ASML holds a 24.9 percent minority stake, bought in 2016. Custom Silicon —
- SISilectric Silicon carbide (SiC) fab near Mysuru. Zoho Corporation venture for power semiconductors. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- Onto Innovation Onto Innovation makes inspection, metrology and lithography tools plus analytics software for semiconductor factories. Metrology means measuring features on a wafer, such as film thickness and pattern dimensions, to keep production on target. Its range covers wafer and panel inspection, optical measurement, and steppers for advanced packaging, the process that joins several chips into one module. It is headquartered in Wilmington, Massachusetts. It supplies equipment to chipmakers and does not design processors, so it serves compute hardware indirectly. Custom Silicon —
- VAT Group VAT Group makes vacuum valves, the components that open, close and regulate gas flow inside the sealed chambers where chips are manufactured. Chip tools need very clean, tightly controlled vacuum conditions, so valve reliability affects yield. It also serves the display, solar and vacuum coating industries. VAT was founded in 1965 by Siegfried Schertler and is headquartered in Haag, Switzerland. It was acquired by Capvis and Partners Group in 2014 and listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange in 2016. Custom Silicon —
- BSBaya Systems Baya Systems sells network-on-chip fabric IP, which is the on-chip wiring and switching that moves data between processing cores, memory and other blocks inside a processor or across chiplets. Chiplets are small dies combined in one package. Its WeaveIP products include coherent and non-coherent fabrics and NeuraScale, and its WeaverPro software is used to model and tune system designs. Its website lists a Santa Clara, California headquarters, with offices in Austin, Cambridge and Bengaluru. Custom Silicon · ASICs · Interconnect & Networking $36M+ Series B (Jan 2025)
- Microchip Technology Microchip Technology makes microcontrollers, which are small self-contained processors used to run embedded systems such as appliances, vehicles and industrial machines. Its best-known lines are PIC and AVR. It also sells analog, power management, memory, wireless and timing chips, plus development tools. General Instrument spun off its microelectronics division in 1989 to create the company, which is based in Chandler, Arizona. Microchip is listed on Nasdaq and grew through acquisitions including Atmel in 2016 and Microsemi in 2018. Custom Silicon · FPGAs · CPUs & RISC-V —
- Normal Computing Thermodynamic-computing ASICs and AI EDA; $50M Samsung-led round Mar 2026; taped out world's first thermodynamic chip CN101 in Aug 2025. Analog Computing · AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon $50M strategic (Mar 2026, led by Samsung Catalyst Fund; total $85M+)
- U(UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation) Taiwanese contract chipmaker spun off from ITRI in 1980 and based in Hsinchu Science Park, focused on mature and specialty nodes at 28 nm and above. In January 2024 it announced a 12 nm FinFET collaboration with Intel; UMC said in 2026 that process validation is running at Intel's Arizona fab, with customer PDKs expected late 2026 and production in 2027. Custom Silicon —
- Kunlunxin Kunlunxin develops AI accelerator chips, processors built to run neural network training and inference faster and more cheaply than general purpose CPUs. It is the chip subsidiary of Baidu, the Chinese search and AI company, and its products support Baidu's own cloud and AI services as well as outside buyers. In January 2026 Baidu said Kunlunxin had confidentially applied for an initial public offering in Hong Kong, with the size and structure not yet settled. The company is based in Beijing. AI Accelerators · Custom Silicon >2B yuan (2025) at 21B yuan ($3B) valuation
- SK Hynix SK hynix is a South Korean memory chipmaker that produces DRAM, NAND flash and high bandwidth memory (HBM). HBM is stacked DRAM placed next to AI accelerators, and the company has supplied HBM3 and HBM3E for NVIDIA GPUs. It makes its own memory and sells it to accelerator vendors, server makers and device manufacturers. The company traces its origins to Hyundai Electronics Industries, founded in 1983, and has been part of SK Group since 2012. ASICs · Custom Silicon · Memory & Storage —
- FormFactor FormFactor sells semiconductor test and measurement equipment, including probe cards, probes and probe systems. A probe card is a fine set of contacts that touches a chip while it is still on the wafer, so faulty chips can be found before packaging. The company also offers cryogenic systems that test devices at extremely low temperatures, used by quantum researchers. Its customers are chipmakers testing logic and memory. It is a supplier of test tools to the industry, not a chip designer, and is based in Livermore, California. Custom Silicon —
- Diodes Incorporated Diodes Incorporated designs and sells analog, discrete, power, logic and mixed-signal semiconductors. Its catalogue covers diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, LED drivers, voltage regulators and motor controllers, which are the supporting parts that manage power and signals around processors. It is a component supplier rather than a maker of compute chips. The company was founded in 1959 and is headquartered in Plano, Texas. It trades on Nasdaq, and Gary Yu became chief executive in May 2025. Past acquisitions include Zetex, Pericom and Lite-On Semiconductor. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- SWSilicon Works (LX Semicon) Silicon Works is now known as LX Semicon, a South Korean fabless company. Fabless means it designs chips and relies on outside foundries to make them. Its main products are display driver ICs, the chips that send signals to each pixel of a screen, and it supplies panels used in televisions, phones and other displays. It is listed in Korea and belongs to the LX group. It sits in the display supply chain, so it is adjacent to compute hardware rather than a processor designer. The record name should reflect the rename to LX Semicon. Custom Silicon · ASICs —
- InvenSense (TDK) InvenSense designs MEMS motion sensors, meaning microscopic mechanical structures etched in silicon that detect movement. Its products include gyroscopes, accelerometers and inertial measurement units, which combine several of these sensors to track orientation and motion in phones, wearables, vehicles and industrial equipment. It is a sensor supplier rather than a compute vendor. The company was founded in 2003 by Steve Nasiri and is based in San Jose, California. TDK acquired it in late 2016, and it now operates within TDK's MEMS sensors group. ASICs · Custom Silicon —
- SJ Semiconductor SJ Semiconductor is a Chinese provider of advanced chip packaging, the stage where finished silicon dies are joined and connected. It specialises in wafer-level and 2.5D packaging, in which several chips sit side by side on a silicon interposer, a technique widely used for AI accelerators. The company began in 2014 as a joint venture between SMIC and JCET and took its current name in 2021. It operates from Jiangyin in Wuxi, Jiangsu, and has pursued a listing on Shanghai's STAR Market. Custom Silicon · ASICs $700M (December 2024)
- Cirrus Logic Cirrus Logic is a fabless company, meaning it designs chips but has others manufacture them, specialising in low-power analog, mixed-signal and audio processing chips. Its parts include audio converters, amplifiers and digital signal processors used in smartphones, laptops, headsets and automotive systems. It is not a general compute vendor. The company took the Cirrus Logic name in 1984, is based in Austin, Texas, and trades on Nasdaq. Apple is its dominant customer, accounting for most of its revenue according to its filings. DSPs · Custom Silicon —
- Cisco Networking company whose Silicon One line supplies switch and router silicon. On 10 February 2026 it announced Silicon One G300, a 102.4 Tbps Ethernet switch chip with 200G SerDes for AI clusters, and new N9000 and 8000 series systems built on it, in liquid-cooled and air-cooled versions. Interconnect & Networking · Custom Silicon · AI Accelerators —
- PSPragmatic Semiconductor Pragmatic Semiconductor makes flexible integrated circuits, called FlexICs, which are processors and other chips built on thin flexible substrates instead of rigid silicon wafers. This lets them be embedded in packaging, labels and everyday objects at low cost. The company is headquartered in Cambridge, UK, runs a 200mm plant in Sedgefield, and opened a 300mm fab at Pragmatic Park near Durham in March 2024. Its third-generation FlexIC platform targets mixed-signal custom chip designs. ASICs · Custom Silicon · CPUs & RISC-V $400M+ total (Series D $231M led 2023; further to >$400M by 2025)